Vulvitis
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Causes of vulvitis
Vulvitis can develop for various reasons, both infectious and non-infectious. Here are the main ones:
- Infections such as fungal (eg, candidiasis), bacterial (gardnerella) or viral (eg, human papillomavirus, herpes)
- Allergic reactions to personal hygiene products such as soap, shower gels, fragrances, condoms or underwear fabrics
- Trauma or damage to the skin of the vulva, such as after childbirth or surgery
- Changes in hormonal levels, such as a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause, which makes the mucous membrane more vulnerable to inflammation
- Poor hygiene or the use of aggressive detergents that disrupt the balance of microflora
- Chronic diseases such as diabetes weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections
Stress and a weakened immune system can also cause vulvitis.
Treatment of vulvitis
Drug treatment
Vulvitis therapy always begins with eliminating the cause of the inflammation. If the problem is caused by a bacterial infection, the doctor prescribes antibiotics. They can be local, for example, in the form of ointments or creams, or systemic - in the form of tablets. The choice of drug depends on what pathogen caused the inflammation. For example, with streptococcal infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed that effectively fight bacteria.
If the cause of vulvitis is a fungal infection, such as candidiasis, antifungal agents are used. These can be suppositories, creams or tablets. It is important to note that to completely eliminate the fungus, treatment should be carried out strictly as prescribed by the doctor and until the end of the course, even if the symptoms disappear earlier.
In the case of viral vulvitis, for example, caused by the herpes virus, antiviral drugs are prescribed. They can be in the form of ointments or tablets. If the inflammation is associated with an allergic reaction, antihistamines are used to relieve itching, swelling and redness.
Intimate care during treatment
Proper care of the skin and mucous membrane of the intimate area significantly speeds up the healing process. The doctor usually recommends eliminating any aggressive detergents, including regular soap, and replacing them with hypoallergenic gels for intimate hygiene. Washing should be regular, but only with warm water, so as not to dry out the skin.
It is important to avoid using synthetic and tight underwear, as they can increase irritation. It is better to choose loose cotton underwear that allows the skin to breathe. If there is heavy discharge, doctors advise using soft disposable pads or sterile gauze to protect the skin from further irritation.
Use of physiotherapeutic methods
If the inflammation becomes chronic or is difficult to treat, doctors may suggest physiotherapy. Laser therapy or ultraviolet radiation are aimed at reducing inflammation, improving blood circulation and accelerating tissue regeneration.
In cases of severe inflammation, electrophoresis is sometimes used. Its essence lies in the delivery of drugs directly to the site of inflammation using electric current. This method allows you to enhance the effect of drugs and speed up their effect.
Treatment of concomitant diseases
Sometimes vulvitis is just a consequence of another disease, such as an endocrine disorder or diabetes. In such cases, treatment should be comprehensive. If the patient is diagnosed with diabetes, the doctor pays attention to monitoring blood sugar levels. This helps prevent recurrence of inflammation and reduce the risk of complications.
Complications and prognosis for vulvitis
If vulvitis is not treated promptly, it can lead to serious consequences.
If you start treatment on time, complications can be avoided, and the symptoms disappear completely.
Here are the main complications that may develop:
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Transition to a chronic form
The inflammation becomes permanent, the tissues of the external genitalia undergo changes, causing increased sensitivity and discomfort.
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Spread of infection
The inflammatory process can spread to the vagina (causing vaginitis), the cervix (cervicitis), or even the uterus (endometritis).
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Scar formation
In severe cases, inflammation can damage the mucous membrane, leaving scars that affect appearance and sensation.
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Secondary infections
Thinning of tissues due to chronic inflammation makes them vulnerable to fungal and bacterial infections, such as candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis.
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Decreased quality of life
Pain, discomfort, and a burning sensation can make it difficult to function in daily life, including walking, wearing clothes, and having sex.
General information
Vulvitis can be caused by different factors, and depending on this, it is classified into several types. Here are the main ones:
- Infectious vulvitis. This type develops as a result of infection with bacteria, fungi or viruses. The most common infections that cause vulvitis include candidiasis (thrush), bacterial vaginosis, genital herpes and sexually transmitted infections
- Non-infectious vulvitis. It occurs due to allergies, irritations or injuries. Allergic vulvitis can be caused by the use of scented personal hygiene products, condoms, chemicals or fabrics that cause irritation
- Atrophic vulvitis. Most often occurs in postmenopausal women, when estrogen levels decrease. Leads to dryness and thinning of the vulvar tissue, making it more vulnerable to infections and irritations
“Intimate hygiene products containing fragrances, dyes or aggressive detergents often cause irritation of the mucous membrane and the development of chemical vulvitis. This is especially true for gels with strong fragrances or antiseptic additives that disrupt the natural balance of microflora. It is important to choose products with a neutral pH and without unnecessary chemical additives.” – doctor at the K+31 clinic (Moscow).
Answers to popular questions
Can vulvitis go away on its own?
Without treatment, the symptoms of vulvitis may disappear for a while, but this does not mean that the problem is solved. The infection or inflammation can become chronic, which will only make the situation worse. To avoid complications, it is important to see a doctor and undergo a full course of therapy.
Can vulvitis affect your sex life?
Yes, discomfort and inflammation can cause pain or burning during intercourse. If vulvitis is associated with an infection, it can also increase the risk of transmitting the infection to a partner. It is best to abstain from intimacy during treatment and follow your doctor's recommendations.
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What is vulvitis?
Vulvitis is an inflammation of the external genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vagina. It can occur for a variety of reasons, both infectious and non-infectious. Vulvitis can be caused by various microorganisms, allergic reactions, injuries, or diseases that affect the skin and mucous membrane of the external genitalia.