Biopsy combined with colposcopy
It is carried out directly in the doctor’s office during a colposcope examination. To obtain laboratory material, a needle is used, with the help of which several layers of tissues are taken for examination. The procedure does not require anesthesia and is the easiest way to identify oncological processes in gynecology. For 3 days, you can observe blood after a biopsy of the cervix from the vagina. This is a common phenomenon that does not require special treatment.
Conchotomic biopsy
This procedure is the same as colposcopic examination. However, here the material is not taken away with a needle, but with a special tool - konhot. Before the manipulation, the patient is prescribed local anesthesia.
Radio wave technique
A cervical biopsy using the radio wave method is a gentle procedure that does not leave rough scars. Due to this, it is prescribed to women planning a pregnancy. During the study, you will not need general anesthesia, and after the manipulation there will be almost no discharge. In Russia, the most popular cervical biopsy is Surgitron, an effective radio wave medical device.
Laser technique
This method is also gentle and less traumatic. However, its implementation is impossible without general anesthesia and a woman in the hospital.
Loop biopsy
A loop biopsy of the cervix is performed using a metal loop conducting electrical current. Suspicious tissue under local anesthesia scrapes off this loop. The procedure is quite traumatic, therefore it is not recommended for women planning a pregnancy. After the study, patients may experience prolonged discharge.
Wedge-shaped examination method
This manipulation is also known as a knife biopsy of the cervix, what is it and what are its differences from other methods of taking material? This version of the examination is carried out using a conventional scalpel in stationary conditions. The patient under mandatory general anesthesia takes dubious pieces of tissue and adjacent to them that do not have signs of pathology.
Circular biopsy
Also performed using a surgical scalpel or radio waves under general anesthesia. It includes a fence of suspicious and healthy layers and can be used not only for the initial diagnosis, but also to cure some diseases of the cervix.
Endocervical technique
It is called endocervical curettage, because it is carried out using a special curette. The procedure includes a cervical biopsy and curettage of the cervical canal. This technique requires local administration of painkillers.
Indications
The collection of cellular material from the cervix is prescribed by doctors when they identify changes and deviations in the structure of tissues. Usually it is done with:
- poor results of cytological examination;
- identification of iodine-negative areas, overgrown vessels and other deviations during examination by colposcope;
- leukoplakia;
- condylomas;
- erosion and polyps.
The examination is recommended to be carried out immediately after the completion of menstruation or on the 7-13th day from its beginning.
When is a biopsy prescribed for pregnant women?
The collection of material in pregnant women is usually postponed to the postpartum period (after 6 weeks from childbirth), since this manipulation can cause miscarriage in the shortest possible time or cause premature birth in the later. Therefore, a biopsy in pregnant women is carried out in the 2nd trimester, and even then only in case of emergency.
Contraindications
Taking tissue for research is contraindicated:
- with inflammatory processes developing in the cervix and in the vagina;
- during menstruation;
- with diseases associated with blood coagulation problems.
It is also prescribed with caution to pregnant women.
Training
Before starting the procedure, a woman must complete all the necessary examinations:
- blood tests (clinical and coagulability);
- smears on the microflora;
- colposcope examination;
- cell smears;
- tests for syphilis, viral lesions of the liver, HIV;
- research on hidden infections.
In addition to the above tests, a cervical biopsy requires self-preparation. Before visiting a doctor, you should not:
- Apply tampons, douche, and have sex 2 days before the examination.
- Enter any medication into the vagina without a doctor’s recommendation.
- Eat 8 hours before visiting a doctor (provided that the procedure will be done under general anesthesia).
Get diagnosed
Procedure
You can find out how a cervical biopsy is done from your doctor. After all, the methodology for its implementation depends on the type of procedure assigned to you by the gynecologist. If it will be carried out directly in the doctor’s office, you will be given a local anesthetic injection, after which the changed tissues will be removed for examination under a microscope. If you are offered to perform a biopsy under stationary conditions, then the manipulation will require general anesthesia (doctors can also prescribe epidural or spinal anesthesia, which removes the sensitivity of the entire lower half of the body).
Duration of the procedure
Depending on the complexity of the procedure, it can last up to 30 minutes (on an outpatient basis) or 40-90 minutes (on an inpatient basis). After the examination, you may be left in the hospital for several hours or 1-2 days to monitor your condition.
Complications
Complications after a biopsy of the cervix are very rare, but require mandatory medical attention.
Bleeding
They are abundant and may contain blood clots. Also, patients may experience minor spotting that does not stop for a long time.
Infections
Manifested in the form of high temperature and discharge, having an unpleasant odor. In severe cases, these secretions are purulent.
In addition to these symptoms, often after a biopsy of the cervix, the lower abdomen hurts. Whatever the nature of the anomalous phenomena, you should immediately visit a doctor to determine the cause of the abnormalities and to eliminate them.
After the procedure
After the procedure, the risk of infection and the appearance of bleeding increases. Therefore, you need to carefully treat your well-being and control it for about 2 weeks. Remember that after a biopsy of the cervix, you can not use tampons, have sex, use douches, wash in the bath and undergo heavy physical exertion (lift over 3 kg). Also, you should not take blood thinners.
Deciphering the results
Cervical biopsy results contain information on:
- The presence or absence of coil cells (appear when infected with HPV).
- The presence of keratinization of the epithelium (acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, leukoplakia).
- Identification of cervical dysplasia - its precancerous condition.
However, deciphering the results of a cervical biopsy should be entrusted to the attending physician, since unprofessional attempts to make a diagnosis will lead to erroneous conclusions and undesirable disturbances.
Cervical Biopsy
Clinic K + 31 Clinic performs a biopsy of the cervix using modern equipment and high-quality medical instruments. Our doctors have extensive experience in such studies, therefore, they prescribe only the most optimal type of procedure for each patient. In case of a poor biopsy of the cervix, a woman is prescribed timely treatment, accompanied by constant monitoring by leading gynecologists and oncologists.
