Pathology of the cervix
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equipment
treatment
The health of the cervix plays a very important role in a woman's well-being. It is from him in most cases that the ability to become pregnant and bear children depends. In the absence of proper treatment, neglected pathologies of the uterus lead to the development of oncological diseases of the reproductive organs and infertility.
Drug therapy is divided into general and local. It may include tablets, droppers, vaginal suppositories, washes, applications.
Pathologically altered tissues can be destroyed with a laser. When they are burned out, there are no scars on the surface, and the risk of recurrence is minimized.
Radio wave treatment or chemical destruction is less common. More often, cryotherapy is used, which allows freezing pathological cells, which leads to their death.
According to statistics, in recent years, the number of cases of diagnosing cervical pathologies in young women (aged 15-24) has significantly increased. It is this age that is considered critical for women's health, since during this period several factors predisposing to the development of diseases can influence it at once:
The risk of developing pathologies of the cervix increases in the climacteric period. During this time, the woman's body reduces the production of the hormone estrogen. This leads to thinning of the mucous membrane of the vaginal part of the cervix. It is already less capable of regeneration, therefore it is more susceptible to the influence of microorganisms and bacteria.
All pathologies of the cervix are classified into background, precancerous and cancerous. Backgrounds have a low cancer threat.
Appointment to the doctor
The key to the timely diagnosis of background diseases is a regular visit to the gynecologist for a scheduled examination. This must be done at least once every six months. Background diseases include:
- Inflammation of the cervix. In medicine, this disease is called cervicitis or endocervicitis. Most often, the disease is caused by an infection that has entered through the vagina.
- Cysts. Benign neoplasms filled with fluid inside. Amenable to conservative treatment, but with active growth or the risk of degeneration into a malignant tumor, they are removed surgically.
- Ectropion. This pathology consists in eversion of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal.
- Polyps of the cervix. Benign growths that need to be surgically removed. Usually they resort to minimally invasive surgery.
- Cicatricial deformities. Formed after traumatic tissue ruptures.
- Cervical erosion. It is a pathology that develops after mechanical damage to the mucous membrane. Trauma can be caused by abortion, for example. Erosion also includes the displacement of the epithelium, during a gynecological examination it looks like a stain of tissues of a different color. To diagnose the nature of the pathology, colposcopy is performed and cells are taken for a biopsy.
Dysplasia and condylomas are classified as precancerous. Dysplasia is changes in the deep layers of the epithelium. During the diagnostic process, atypical cells are often detected. They are the ones that have signs of malignancy.
Some strains of the human papilloma virus cause genital warts. Others can lead to the development of malignant neoplasms. Types 16, 18, 35, 39 and 45 are considered the most dangerous.
Oncological diseases include carcinoma of the cervix. In terms of prevalence, this disease is in second place after breast cancer. Symptoms of the development of a tumor may be pain in the lower abdomen, swelling of the genitals and spotting during intercourse.
Drug therapy is divided into general and local. It may include pills, droppers, vaginal suppositories, rinsing, applications.
The diseased tissue can be destroyed with a laser. When they are burned out, no scars remain on the surface, and the risk of recurrence is minimized.
Less common is treatment with radio waves or chemical destruction. Cryotherapy is more often used, which allows to freeze abnormal cells, which leads to their death.
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