Infertility
specialists
equipment
treatment
About the disease
Forms of inability to conceive a child:
- Male infertility (inability of male reproductive cells to fertilize an egg)
- Immunological infertility (the presence of MAR antibodies that interfere with conception in the cervical mucus of a patient or in the vas deferens of a man)
- Endocrine infertility, which can have many causes, including problems with hormones
- Tubal infertility (obstruction of the fallopian tubes and other pathologies
- Congenital defects of the uterus and fallopian tubes in women or the vas deferens in men
The issue of restoring reproductive function in men and women is dealt with by a specialist – a reproductologist. He determines the causes of human infertility and selects methods for treating female or male infertility. In the absence of treatment results, a decision is made to use assisted reproductive technologies. Including in vitro fertilization (IVF) – when a sperm is introduced into an egg in a test tube, after which the resulting embryo is transferred to the patient’s uterus. If immunological infertility is detected, intrauterine insemination can be performed, when sperm is injected directly into the uterus, which makes it possible to conceive a child.
In cases where disorders in the body are irreversible and the doctor diagnoses absolute infertility, there is an option to use surrogacy. Infertility is a problem that requires a professional approach, which is guaranteed to all patients of the K+31 clinics in Moscow.
What is infertility?
Female or male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. Is a problem for approximately 20% of married couples. This diagnosis is made when, for a whole year, with constant sexual activity and without the use of contraceptives, pregnancy does not occur. The condition can be secondary or congenital.
Causes of infertility
The causes of infertility in women and men are varied. This may be the result of inflammatory and infectious processes, previous sexually transmitted infections, internal genital diseases organs and abdominal cavity, surgery, such as removal of the uterus and uterine tubes, problems in the cervical canal, adhesions and much more.
So, if we are talking about endocrine infertility, then the culprit may be:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome, when a dense membrane forms around the ovaries, preventing the release of an egg
- Hyperprolactinemia (increased prolactin levels in the blood, which is a consequence of some functional disorders or the presence of a pituitary tumor)
- Hypothyroidism (inability of the thyroid gland to function normally, leading to hormonal imbalances)
- Ovarian wasting syndrome, which may be caused by heredity, strict diets, depression and other factors that provoke female infertility
- Insufficiency of the luteal phase, expressed in decreased functionality of the corpus luteum, lack of progesterone and, as a consequence, malfunction of the reproductive system
- Uterine hypoplasia, which is known to many as the “baby” uterus, when there is underdevelopment of the reproductive system in a woman
- Fibroids in the uterine cavity. It is a benign formation growing in the muscle tissue of the uterus. Myomatous nodes not only prevent pregnancy from occurring, but also interfere with the safe gestation of the fetus and its maturation
- Infertility is also associated with various malformations of the reproductive system
Infertility is often diagnosed as a result of endometriosis. We are talking about the growth of tissue, which in its structure is similar to the endometrium of the uterus, in atypical places. This leads to inflammation, the formation of adhesions, and loss of the ability to give birth to a child.
The causes of male infertility are also varied:
- Obstruction in the genital tract as a result of injury or infection (secondary infertility in men)
- Hormonal imbalances, pathologies in the development of the pituitary gland, testicles, hypothalamus
- Low sperm count and activity in semen caused by varicocele or chemotherapy
- Abnormal structure of sperm
- Inflammatory processes in the prostate and ureter, especially in chronic form, are often the cause of infertility in men
- Complications of diseases such as mumps, rubella, diabetes, viral hepatitis
- Testicular neoplasms
The causes of infertility in men are also psychological, which are not accompanied by physiological changes and disorders functions of the reproductive system. This is premature ejaculation, lack of erection, etc.
Other services
Appointment to the doctor
Diagnostics
If male infertility is suspected, a spermogram is performed, which involves a study process ejaculate using a microscope. Carrying out such a study allows us to determine:
Ejaculate volume
Sperm count
Concentration of male germ cells
Sperm motility and viability
Number of normal forms, leukocytes
To diagnose immunological infertility, the following is carried out:
MAR test
Shuvarsky's, Kurzrock-Miller's tests or Cramer's test
Diagnosis of infertility in men includes a blood test, testicular biopsy and other studies, which are prescribed by the doctor taking into account the medical history.
Endocrine infertility is accompanied by disturbances in the menstrual cycle, anorgasmia, and lack of sexual desire. In order to accurately determine whether this particular diagnosis is the case, the specialists of the +31 Clinic carry out a comprehensive examination, including:
- Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs
- Measurement of rectal temperature, which can be performed within six months
- Studies to assess hormonal status
- Various analyses
When diagnosing tubal infertility, the following studies are performed:
- A smear is taken from the vagina for flora and an analysis of the number of leukocytes is done
- PCR is performed to detect genital tract infections
- An ELISA test is performed to detect antibodies to infectious agents
- Bank culture is performed to detect the number of pathogens, as well as sensitivity to drugs belonging to the group of antibiotics
- Ultrasound examination with parallel taking of special samples
Examination for the presence of endometriosis includes:
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs
MRI to detect ovarian tumor
Hysteroscopy, as well as separate diagnostic curettage, if there is suspicion of internal uterine endometriosis
Conducting a test to detect cancer cells
Laparoscopy
Histological examination of endometrial biopsy
If uterine fibroids are suspected, the following is carried out:
- Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs
- Doppler
- MRI if it is determined that the fibroid is large
- Hydrosonography and hysteroscopy
Infertility treatment
Treatment of endocrine infertility is usually based on eliminating its cause:
- For polycystic ovary syndrome, a special operation is performed, the result of which allows the egg to be released normally from the follicles in the ovaries
- For hyperprolactinemia, cabergoline is prescribed, the tumors are removed
- If improper functioning of the thyroid gland is to blame for infertility, then hormone replacement therapy is used
Appropriate hormonal treatment is also carried out in case of insufficiency luteal phase, to stimulate ovulation, identify the “baby” uterus.
In serious cases, when the cause of infertility cannot be eliminated, such as, for example, in the presence of defects of the reproductive system, specialists decide to carry out IVF using a donor egg.
For tubal infertility, laparoscopy is often used. It not only allows you to identify adhesions, but also to separate them. If treatment for such infertility does not produce results, then IVF is used.
Foci of endometriosis are most often cauterized using laparoscopy. After which they can be assigned hormonal medications as part of drug therapy for up to 6 months. For most women It is possible to conceive as a result of this treatment.
If fibroids are detected, the fibroid nodes are removed. The exact type of procedure is determined by the feature course of the disease. If the fibroid has reached a large size, embolization is used. Tumor removal and undergoing special post-operative therapy most often allows you to successfully conceive a child.
Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility of unknown origin is mainly based on symptoms (for example, disruptions of the menstrual cycle). The disease can be in the form of secondary infertility (there was at least one pregnancy before), so is the primary one. Only a qualified specialist can assess female infertility, just like male infertility. He also selects methods and methods of treatment, taking into account the main and concomitant diagnoses.
It is important to take care of your health and visit doctors regularly. Your doctor may notice symptoms early stages and prevent the development of absolute infertility in women. K+31 clinics provide modern services qualified specialists. We promptly process incoming requests. Just sign up For an appointment in the form on the website, doctors will select ways to solve any problem.
Prevention of infertility
Preventive measures, as well as advice, compliance which will reduce the risk of infertility:
Don't get carried away with diets, don't overcool, avoid stress, follow hygiene and safety rules
Eat right, try to get rid of from bad habits, if you have them
Visit your doctor regularly for check-ups
Price
Make an appointment at a convenient time on the nearest date
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