Ovarian diseases
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To diagnose ovarian diseases, standard blood and urine tests, bacterial culture are prescribed. The patient must undergo a gynecological examination and ultrasound.
Follicular neoplasms are subject to observation. Surgical treatment is necessary only in cases where, over the course of two months, against the background of conservative therapy (hormones are prescribed, usually in the form of oral contraceptives), the cyst does not decrease, but continues to grow. Surgery is also resorted to in case of torsion of the pedicle or rupture of the neoplasm.
Modern operations are minimally invasive. They are performed through laparoscopic access using endovideosurgical instruments. This allows to reduce the rehabilitation period, scars are practically invisible on the skin after healing. If there are no complications after the operation, then the patient is discharged from the hospital after 3-6 days.
The following types of surgeries are performed on the ovaries:
- Cystectomy (the surgeon performs enucleation of the cyst).
- Ovariectomy (complete removal of the ovary).
Ovarian diseases are most often detected during a routine gynecological examination, so do not neglect regular visits to the doctor. After all, the earlier the disease was diagnosed, the higher the chance for a full recovery without negative health consequences. The primary symptoms that should alert you include:
Ovarian and adnexal cysts
Cysts are the result of dyshormonal processes. In most cases, they are benign and respond well to treatment, and sometimes they pass without the use of medications.
A cyst is a cavity that is filled with fluid, clotted blood or dense masses. Depending on the epithelial lining, cysts are divided into several varieties:
- Cyst of the corpus luteum. It is formed due to a violation of the blood supply. It can grow with absolutely no symptoms and usually regresses in 2-3 months. The danger is the torsion of the cyst legs or its rupture. The symptoms of a rupture are similar to an "acute abdomen", emergency medical attention is required.
- Dermoid cyst. Usually has an embryonic etiology. It grows quite slowly. Required to be deleted.
- Follicular cyst. Inside contains follicular fluid. This is a thin-walled neoplasm with a diameter of up to 8 cm. Such cysts often develop in girls aged 12–18 years, which is associated with hormonal disruptions in the body. Among the symptoms - violation of the menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding. When the cyst ruptures, the patients experience weakness, pain in the lower abdomen, vomiting, indicating intoxication of the body.
- Parovarian cyst. Most often it develops only on one side. The size of the neoplasm does not exceed 8–12 cm. Among the symptoms of the development of pathology, there is a feeling of constriction in the bladder area, as well as pain in the lower abdomen. Such a cyst is inactive, so torsion of its legs is unlikely. The prognosis for recovery is favorable.
Inflammatory lesions
Inflammatory diseases of the ovaries include:
Inflammation is most often caused by infections. Bacteria are the source. Without proper treatment, inflammation can lead to the development of a purulent process in the tube or ovary.
Tumors of the ovaries
Tumors are divided into cystic and solid. Most often superficial. They are benign, malignant and borderline.
The most dangerous are germ cell tumors. They belong to the category of high degree of malignancy.
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