Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a common phenomenon that requires attention from both doctors and women themselves. Over the past decades, the pathology has become 2-4 times more common. Weak or atypical signs of ectopic pregnancy prevent early diagnosis.
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Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy
The following symptoms are typical for an early ectopic pregnancy:
- Delayed menstruation
- Brown vaginal discharge
- Pulling or sharp pain in the lower abdomen
- General signs of pregnancy are nausea, breast swelling, loss of appetite
If you notice any unpleasant symptoms, consult a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination.
Types of ectopic pregnancy
There are 3 types of ectopic pregnancy:
- Abdominal. The egg attaches to the omentum, liver, uterosacral ligaments, or the area between the uterus and rectum. This type of pregnancy increases the risk of severe bleeding and damage to internal organs. The fetus often develops serious birth defects.
- Tubal. The most common form of ectopic pregnancy, in which the egg attaches to the wall of the fallopian tube. Complications include arrest of embryonic development and rupture of the tube with severe bleeding.
- Ovarian. It is detected in less than 1% of all ectopic pathologies. It is accompanied by the attachment of the egg to the ovary, an inflammatory process, and damage to the ovary. There is a high probability of developing peritonitis
In rare cases, cervical pregnancy occurs. It is characterized by the attachment of the egg in the cervix, a high probability of sudden bleeding due to the proximity of large vessels.
The table presents the types of ectopic pregnancy with a description of the features and possible risks.
| Type of pathology | Where the egg is attached | Features | Possible risks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal |
Organs of the abdominal cavity:
|
|
|
| Tubal | Falling tube |
|
|
| Ovarian |
|
|
|
| Cervical | Cervical canal (cervical canal) | Can be caused by abortions, cesarean sections, or fibroids |
|
General information
Diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy
Diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy involves the use of the following methods:
- Pregnancy test. Most often, it shows a positive result, but the second strip is weakly expressed. In rare cases, the test remains negative even if there is a pregnancy
- Blood test for hCG. Determines the level of human chorionic gonadotropin, the pregnancy hormone. In case of pathology, its level drops below normal or remains within acceptable values
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Allows you to detect the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterus. In case of an ectopic pregnancy, it is located in the fallopian tube or near the ovary. Ultrasound also reveals fluid in the abdominal cavity, a sign of bleeding
- Puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix. It is performed if internal bleeding is suspected. A needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to check for blood in the abdominal cavity
Laparoscopy is actively used in clinical practice - a minimally invasive procedure that allows you to examine the pelvic organs with a camera. Laparoscopy not only confirms the diagnosis, but also helps to determine the extent of damage to the fallopian tube.
Answers to popular questions
Doctors from “K+31” answered the most pressing questions about ectopic pregnancy.
How does an ectopic pregnancy affect a woman's ability to have children?
When can you return to training after treatment for an ectopic pregnancy?
What are the main risks for uterine pregnancy?
Does a woman's age affect the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy?
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Causes of ectopic pregnancy
The main cause is a malfunction of the fallopian tubes. These hollow organs are lined with microscopic villi that help the egg enter the uterus. If their function is disrupted, the egg is attached in the wrong place.
Factors that increase the risk:
There is also a high probability of an ectopic pregnancy in women who have previously had an ectopic pregnancy and in those who use intrauterine contraceptive devices.