Endometriosis
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Types of endometriosis
Genital endometriosis
Genital endometriosis affects the organs of the reproductive system. Internal endometriosis, or adenomyosis, occurs when endometrial cells grow into the muscle layer of the uterus, causing it to become enlarged. This condition is accompanied by severe pain, especially during menstruation, heavy bleeding and constant discomfort, which significantly impairs the quality of life. External genital endometriosis affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs. Cysts can form on the ovaries, which cause severe pain, especially during menstruation, and often lead to infertility.
Extragenital endometriosis
Extragenital endometriosis develops when endometrial cells extend beyond the reproductive system. In this case, the intestines are most often affected, which causes pain during bowel movements, or the bladder, causing frequent and painful urge to urinate. Sometimes pathological cells affect the abdominal wall, causing pain in the abdominal area. In rare cases, endometriosis can affect the lungs, which is accompanied by hemoptysis associated with the phases of the menstrual cycle, or the brain, which leads to neurological manifestations.
Peritoneal endometriosis
Peritoneal endometriosis is one of the most common forms of the disease, which affects the peritoneum - the thin tissue covering the internal organs. Chronic pain in the pelvic area, aggravated by physical activity or during menstruation, is the main symptom of this form.
General information
Symptoms of endometriosis
Uterine endometriosis is a disease that can manifest itself differently depending on the stage and location of the lesions:
- Severe pain during menstruation. A common complaint is pain in the lower abdomen, which begins a few days before the cycle and continues during it. They can be pulling or sharp, sometimes radiating to the pelvis, lower back or hips
- Discomfort in the pelvic area. Many women experience constant pain in the pelvic area that is not associated with menstruation. It intensifies with physical activity, prolonged sitting or intimacy. This is due to inflammation and adhesions caused by tissue proliferation
- Pain during sexual intercourse. Discomfort or pain during intimacy is another common sign
- Irregularities in the menstrual cycle. Menstruation becomes heavy and prolonged or irregular. Bleeding between cycles is possible. These changes can lead to anemia, decreased energy and performance
- Problems with the pelvic organs. If endometriosis affects the bladder or intestines, there is pain when urinating, defecating, frequent urge or abdominal discomfort
Many women also complain of chronic fatigue and loss of energy. Constantly feeling exhausted is often exacerbated by stress and emotional tension.
Answers to popular questions
Endometriosis of the uterus raises many questions among patients. Let's look at the main ones to clarify.
Can endometriosis go away on its own?
Uterine endometriosis does not go away on its own. However, its symptoms may temporarily subside, for example during pregnancy, when menstruation stops, or during menopause, when estrogen levels in the body decrease. Despite this, it is impossible to completely get rid of the disease without treatment.
What is adenomyosis?
Adenomyosis is a form of endometriosis in which endometrial cells invade the muscle layer of the uterus. This condition can cause painful and heavy periods and an increase in the size of the uterus. The diagnosis is easily confirmed using ultrasound. If the symptoms are mild, treatment may not be required, but if the symptoms are severe, doctors prescribe hormonal therapy or recommend surgical treatment.
Are endometrioid cysts dangerous?
Endometrioid cysts, also known as “chocolate cysts,” form on the ovaries. Although their dense walls reduce the likelihood of rupture, the risk of complications remains. The cyst may enlarge, which is accompanied by pain and can lead to rupture or internal bleeding. To prevent complications, it is important to avoid excessive physical activity and see your doctor regularly. If the cyst enlarges, elective treatment may be required.
Which doctor treats endometriosis?
A gynecologist diagnoses and treats endometriosis. In complex cases, consultation with other specialists, such as a surgeon or endocrinologist, may be required.
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What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis in women can be genital (localized in the internal genital organs) and extragenital (developing in other organs and systems of the woman’s body).
Diagnosis and treatment of uterine endometriosis at the K+31 Clinic medical center involves examining the patient, taking an anamnesis, and ultrasound examination to clarify the stage and focus of the disease.
Treatment of endometriosis in our clinic is carried out both conservatively and surgically. Drug treatment is based on correcting the patient’s hormonal levels.
If hormonal correction is ineffective, as well as with peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, retrocervical endometriosis or fallopian tube endometriosis, our specialists resort to surgical intervention. To do this, laparoscopy is performed with coagulation of endometriosis and removal of formations. This allows pathological lesions to be removed through surgical treatment with minimal damage and health risks.
It is important to remember that endometriosis is a serious disease that requires timely medical care, especially for women of reproductive age. Therefore, at the first signs of illness, you should contact a specialist.