Uterine fibroids
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About the disease
Predisposing factors to the development of fibroids are damage to the uterus due to abortion, surgical interventions, hormonal disorders, including after pregnancy, concomitant gynecological diseases, including inflammatory processes, endometriosis, cysts, etc. A special role in this issue is played by genetic predisposition. Fibroids can develop at any age.
By localization, fibroids are divided into interstitial (located in the wall of the uterus), subserous (growing outside the uterus), submucous fibroids (growing towards the uterine cavity).
Answering the question of what uterine fibroids are, it is important to note that myomatous nodes can be single or multiple.
To prevent further growth of uterine fibroids and avoid surgery, a woman needs to contact a specialist as soon as possible, who will prescribe her effective treatment with hormones and other drugs.
Fibroids is a benign tumor of the myometrium - comes from smooth muscle cells on the cervix or from the main muscular layer of the uterus. Uterine fibroids are a hormone-dependent tumor, proof of which is a decrease in its size with the onset of menopause and a decrease in levels of estrogen, progesterone
Symptoms of uterine fibroids depend on the location of the formation. Subserosal nodes can compress nearby organs (ureters, bladder, rectum), which can cause heaviness in the lower abdomen and pain, and bladder and bowel dysfunction, including constipation and painful or involuntary urination. Perhaps the appearance of pain in the vagina during sexual intercourse, discomfort in the lower back - These symptoms are less common and are often associated with other women's health problems.
Submucosal and interstitial fibroids are characterized by heavy, prolonged menstruation, which increases the risk of uterine bleeding, There is bleeding during the intermenstrual period. Therefore, women with uterine fibroids often develop anemia, which is accompanied by weakness, fatigue, dizziness.
Interstitial fibroids of small size do not cause discomfort, so the pathology lasts for a long time is asymptomatic. As soon as the tumor begins to increase in size, the first main signs appear.
If left untreated, the myomatous node begins to grow, and the symptoms become more pronounced. The disease has a negative impact on the reproductive function of the body, including infertility.
With an increase in submucosal (submucosal) myomatous nodes, it is often There are heavy bleedings that require emergency hospitalization.
Subserous uterine fibroids on a pedicle can be complicated by torsion of the pedicle, which is accompanied by sudden cutting pain in the lower abdominal cavity and is an indication for surgical treatment.
In addition, with large sizes, a power failure in the node may occur, which leads to to node necrosis and purulent inflammation spreading to the endometrium, which is the same as in the case of torsion of the leg of the node, it is dangerous and requires emergency hospitalization and surgical interventions up to and including removal of the uterus. Signs include a sharp rise in temperature, painful sensations in the lower abdomen. They are associated with the inflammatory process in tissues. There is a risk of secondary infection.
Another possible complication of uterine fibroids is infertility. Myoma itself is not cause of infertility, but it reduces the likelihood of natural conception, since it can compress the fallopian tubes, making it difficult for sperm to move, submucosal fibroids uterus can disrupt the process of implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity
If a woman was able to become pregnant naturally, the presence of fibroids increases the risk of miscarriage fetus or premature birth. Therefore, when planning a natural pregnancy or carrying out IVF requires conservative or surgical treatment of uterine fibroids (laparoscopy). Surgical Intervention is indicated when the tumor does not shrink with drug therapy.
To avoid complications, it is recommended to undergo a timely examination by a gynecologist. Specialists can detect changes at an early stage. Observation and prevention will help prevent the appearance of tumors and the development of the disease. K+31 specialists use modern diagnostic methods.
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Due to the fact that uterine fibroids in the early stages of development may not give pronounced symptoms, It is very difficult to suspect her. Therefore, women of reproductive age (18-50 years) are recommended to undergo systematic preventive examinations with a gynecologist at least once a year to assess your health.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of simple tests, all of which are ours specialists carry out the procedure at the clinic “Clinic K+31”. Diagnosis of fibroids is available to everyone.
In the presence of uterine fibroids, in most cases during a gynecological examination the doctor diagnoses an enlarged uterus, the surface of which is usually dense and lumpy.
In order to clarify the location of nodes, their number and structure, as well as for the purpose of control dynamics of growth of education we conduct gynecological ultrasound examination (ultrasound) pelvic organs. Diagnosis of uterine fibroids is possible even with normal organ sizes (typically when at the stage when the disease is just emerging). If necessary, for clarification of details, the examination includes an MRI examination.
In addition, the patient must undergo laboratory tests (clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, hormonal studies, etc.)
Based on the results of the research, our doctors choose treatment tactics. Treatment of uterine fibroids does not always involve surgery and surgical treatment, as many women mistakenly believe.
The list of therapeutic measures depends on the cause of fibroids, its location, the number of nodes, course of the disease. Today, there are two methods of treating uterine fibroids: medication and surgery.
Drug therapy, as a rule, is carried out with hormonal drugs that stabilize growth fibroid nodes. In addition, treatment of concomitant conditions is carried out, for example, For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.
The choice of surgical treatment for uterine fibroids depends on first of all, on the location and number of myomatous nodes.
If the node is submucosal (leiomyoma), our specialists can perform such an operation, as hysteroresectoscopy - removal of a node using an optical system through the uterine cavity. For a subserous node or a myomatous node of mixed structure, it is possible to carry out conservative myomectomy (removal of only the fibroid node) by laparotomy or laparoscopic approach.
Read more about surgical gynecology in K+31
If the myomatous nodes are large or multiple and there are additionally concomitant chronic gynecological diseases, then doctors have to decide on removing the uterus. Hysterectomy most often indicated in cases with degeneration of cells in tissues into malignant ones.
It is also possible to perform the UAE procedure - embolization of the uterine arteries. This is an effective, low-traumatic and safe method, existing for over 20 years. Its essence lies in the introduction of a catheter into the vessel that feeds the fibroid and the supply of an emobilizing agent. a drug that clogs small blood vessels. As a result, the tumor stops receiving nutrition, regresses, turning into connective tissue.
To prevent the development of uterine fibroids, women of reproductive age should undergo regular examinations. The sooner a doctor notices fibroids, the higher the chance of successful treatment and maintaining the patient’s quality of life. It is convenient to visit a doctor in our clinic in Moscow - because we select a comfortable time for the appointment, use modern diagnostic methods. Even if uterine fibroids are detected, it is important to follow the recommendations of a specialist. This will help stop its growth and, in most cases, avoid surgery.
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