Treatment of periodontitis
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Types of periodontitis
Depending on the prevalence of inflammation, local and generalized periodontitis is distinguished. Local periodontitis affects up to 30% of the gum surface (most often in the area of one or two teeth). Generalized periodontitis affects more than 30% of the gums.
The disease develops quite slowly. At the initial stage, redness and swelling, soreness and bleeding of the gums appear. The next stage is characterized by an increase in the number and depth of periodontal pockets (up to 5 mm). Accumulated bacteria provoke the appearance of purulent discharge.
At the last stage, the depth of the pockets exceeds 7 mm. At the same time, all symptoms worsen, and tooth mobility becomes very strong. The roots of the chewing units are exposed, the volume of abscesses increases.
The following forms of periodontitis are also distinguished:
- Chronic periodontitis This form develops from gingivitis or poorly treated acute periodontitis. This form of periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of the molars, swelling, gum recession and destruction of the alveolar bone.
- Acute periodontitis Characterized by sudden pain and rapid progression. Leads to exacerbation of gingivitis and rapid bone loss
- Necrotizing periodontitis Gum tissues undergo necrosis (die). The process then extends to the periodontal ligaments and bone tissue.
Diagnosis
First, the dentist conducts a visual examination of the patient’s oral cavity. After this, the doctor sends him for a comprehensive diagnosis. In particular, he invites the patient to undergo:
- X-ray and computed tomography. These diagnostic methods allow you to assess the condition of the periodontium and tooth roots
- Rheoparodontography. In the process, a weak electrical current is passed through the gum tissue. In this way, the specialist studies the condition of the blood vessels in the area of inflammation. The degree of change in blood circulation indicates the stage of the disease
- Ultrasonic osteometry. Carried out to assess the level of bone tissue destruction
- Schiller-Pisarev tests. During the process, the oral cavity is treated with a special solution. This allows you to establish the difference between healthy and affected areas
- Microbiological study of the contents of the oral cavity. This allows you to identify specific microorganisms that caused inflammation
Clinical urine and blood tests are also prescribed. This allows you to assess your overall health and identify additional factors contributing to the development of the disease.
Treatment methods for periodontitis at the K+31 clinic (in Moscow)
Therapeutic
First, the specialist performs ultrasonic teeth cleaning. He then polishes the client's chewing elements and removes tartar.
After this, closed gum curettage is performed, which is accompanied by antiseptic treatment. In order to minimize the traumatic nature of the procedure, modern technologies are used.
Surgical
Surgery is prescribed if the depth of periodontal pockets exceeds 5 mm. In this case, open curettage is prescribed.
In order to obtain an accessible passage to the roots of the teeth, the specialist removes the infected tissue. This approach allows you to completely clean the affected areas and helps restore bone structure.
Procedure steps
Before the procedure, the teeth are thoroughly dried. The next steps look like this:
- The dentist applies a fluoride-containing product using a brush, brush, or special applicator
- To preserve the drug for a long time, the teeth are coated with a protective varnish, which also forms a protective film on the enamel. Sometimes the fluoride and varnish are the same product applied at the same time
- After the procedure, excess product is removed from the teeth
Fluoride treatment involves up to ten or more sessions.
Answers to popular questions
Doctors addressed common questions about periodontitis. Here are their answers.
How safe is ultrasonic teeth cleaning for periodontitis?
What to do if there are tartar left after professional cleaning?
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Symptoms of periodontitis
Manifestations of periodontitis depend on the duration and intensity of inflammation. In the initial stages of the disease, there is practically no discomfort. Then there are complaints about:
The teeth appear thinner at the base and visually elongated. Pus leaks from the gum crevices (pockets). The pain that occurs during chewing and brushing teeth gradually intensifies.