Prosthetics in the absence of teeth
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What are the contraindications?
- Intolerance to anesthetics. This is associated with the risk of a severe allergic reaction
- Oncological diseases
- Bleeding disorder
- Development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- Psychoneurological disorders
Types of dentures for complete absence of teeth
There are several types of dentures for complete edentia. Here are the main ones:
- Full removable. Used when all teeth are missing. They lie on the gums and bone tissue and ensure the restoration of chewing and speech functions. Dentures are made of acrylic or other hypoallergenic materials
- Partially removable. They are used if some teeth are preserved. Such dentures are fixed to the remaining teeth using metal fasteners. Compared to full removable designs, they are more stable and comfortable to wear
The choice of prosthetic method depends on the health of the gums and jaw bones. A specialist will help you determine the most suitable option.
Mini implantation
For complete edentia, mini-implantation using overdentures is also used. This method involves attaching the structure to 4-6 mini-implants. They provide a support for nylon prostheses fixed with silicone matrices. In most cases, a gentle spherical mount is used.
Another advantage of mini-implantation is the cost: this procedure is cheaper than traditional intervention.
Advantages of mini-implantation:
- Minimal tissue interference Implantation takes place without cutting them (against this background there is no need for a rehabilitation period)
- No need for bone grafting This approach significantly simplifies the procedure and reduces possible risks
How the procedure works
The process begins with a dental examination. The doctor assesses the condition of the gums, performs X-rays and computed tomography of the jaw, analyzes the bite and the function of the TMJ. If necessary, periodontal treatment is carried out.
Other stages:
- Preparatory procedures. If insufficient volume of jaw bone tissue is detected, the issue of osteoplastic surgery is decided
- Implantation. The doctor implants implants into the bone cell of the jaw
- Installation of abutment and temporary prosthesis. This is necessary to facilitate the patient’s adaptation
Upon completion of the osseointegration process (approximately 4-6 months after the procedure), when the implant root is completely implanted into the bone tissue, the temporary prosthesis is replaced with a permanent one.
Alternative Methods
Nowadays, dentistry offers several innovative ways to replace missing teeth using implants.
The “ReSmile” method is also used in dentistry. This is a comprehensive approach to restoring jaw function without the need for surgery. It is effective even with significant bone loss. In particular, this method allows you to quickly restore chewing functions.
Some ways to replace missing teeth using implants:
- All-on-4 method This method involves attaching a prosthesis to 4 implants
- All-on-6 method 6 implants are installed. This increases the stability and reliability of the fastening
- Trefoil system It is assumed that 3 implants with a special beam design will be used. This design is more suitable for the lower jaw
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Specifics of prosthetics of the upper and lower jaws and closed sinus lift
The upper jaw is easier to prosthetize. This is due to the fact that there are a larger number of reference points there.
Prosthetics of the lower jaw is a more complex process. Difficulties are associated with the presence of a frenulum of the tongue and folds of the mucous membrane, which limit the area for attaching the structure.