Treatment of gynecomastia in men
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General information
What is gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is a condition in which, due to the deposition of fatty tissue in the chest area in men, one or both mammary glands enlarge. Here are the main types of this pathology:
- True gynecomastia in men. Characterized by enlargement of the mammary glands due to hypertrophy
- False gynecomastia in men (lipomastia). In this case, breast enlargement occurs due to excess fatty tissue not associated with the growth of the mammary glands. This type of disease occurs in obese men
In 30-60% of cases, pathology develops at a young age. In 10% of cases, symptoms appear after age 50.
The disease is treated mainly by conservative methods. If drug therapy is ineffective, the doctor refers the patient to surgical removal of gynecomastia.
Common Causes
Gynecomastia in men is a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance caused (in 90% of cases) by the incorrect functioning of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Also, hormonal levels are disrupted with the development of tumors in the lungs, adrenal glands and testicles and against the background of Klinefelter and Reifenstein syndromes.
Additional reasons for the development of pathology include:
- Injuries and diseases. These include chest injuries, liver problems (chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis) and disruption of the brain structures responsible for regulating hormones
- Medicine factor. Gynecomastia progresses while taking medications that can affect hormonal balance and certain drugs, such as marijuana or opiates
Physiological factors also play a role. Pathology develops with sudden weight loss or obesity. Its symptoms also appear against the background of lifestyle changes (for example, when stopping intense physical exercise).
Diagnosis of gynecomastia
The initial appointment is carried out by a therapist. He examines the patient and gives directions for blood tests and chest ultrasound. The main thing here is to distinguish true gynecomastia, in which the growth of glandular tissue occurs, from pseudogynecomastia, associated with the accumulation of adipose tissue.
Next, the patient is sent for a consultation with an endocrinologist or urologist, since these are the doctors who study and correct hormonal levels.
The specialist suggests that the patient undergo additional examination. It includes identifying chronic diseases of the thyroid gland, kidneys or liver, as well as abnormalities in the development of the genital organs. For example, examination of the genitals may reveal changes in testicular size or testicular atrophy.
Based on the research results and symptoms, the specialist determines the appropriate course of therapy.
How to treat gynecomastia in men?
To correct hormonal balance, you need to take specific medications - for example, tamoxifen or testolactone.
If the pathology was caused by genetic diseases, the doctor prescribes surgery for the patient. Modern methods of surgical treatment of gynecomastia are aimed not only at eliminating the problem, but also at restoring the aesthetic appearance of the chest.
Prevention measures
Physical activity not only helps control weight, but also stimulates testosterone production. And this hormone, in turn, controls the growth of the mammary glands in men.
It is also important to monitor your diet and give preference to whole, natural foods. Foods high in simple carbohydrates and fats should be excluded from the menu.
Types of surgery
Removal of gynecomastia in men is one of the most effective treatment methods, especially when conservative methods do not give the desired result. The choice of correction method depends on the degree of manifestation of the disease and the anatomical characteristics of the patient.
Main types of surgical intervention:
Endoscopic method. This is a high-tech method of treating gynecomastia in men, allowing to avoid the formation of noticeable scars on the skin. Using a specialized instrument, an endoscope, the doctor makes minimal incisions and removes excess tissue. This method is suitable for those who have minor breast changes and no problems with sagging skin.
Correction through the areola. The surgeon makes an incision around the nipple to hide the scar. This approach is recommended for significant breast enlargement, when it is necessary to remove excess tissue and ensure a natural breast position
Combined method with liposuction. This method combines the traditional removal of glandular tissue through mastectomy and the removal of fat deposits through liposuction. This way, a better breast shape is achieved and fat deposits are removed at the same time.
In cases where the problem comes down to excess fat deposits without breast enlargement, the only sure way to correct gynecomastia in men is liposuction.
Recovery after surgery to eliminate gynecomastia
In the first days after surgery, swelling in the chest area is observed. There is also a risk of hematoma formation. There is no need to worry: these are natural reactions of the body to surgical intervention. To provide relief and speed up healing, patients are advised to wear compression garments and change bandages regularly. Additionally, medications are prescribed to relieve pain and reduce swelling.
Physiotherapy procedures play an important role in the rehabilitation period. They promote rapid tissue healing and reduction of pain. If all medical instructions are followed, the patient returns to his usual rhythm of life 2 weeks after the intervention.
However, it is worth remembering possible complications. These include loss of sensitivity of the skin and nipples, bleeding or allergic reactions. To minimize them, it is necessary to temporarily refrain from visiting saunas, swimming pools, solariums and drinking alcohol.
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About the service
Gynecomastia is characterized by unusual enlargement of the mammary glands. Pathological growth of glandular or adipose tissue leads to discomfort, a feeling of heaviness or even pain when touched.
In some cases, this condition resolves on its own. If symptoms persist for a long time, it is recommended to consult a doctor - timely treatment helps to neutralize the risk of developing breast cancer.