Biliary dyskinesia (JVP) is a functional disorder of all components of the biliary system. This term covers a range of symptoms that are associated with a violation of the normal secretion and transport of bile. Considering that that it plays an important role in the process of digestion, any anomaly in its circulation has a significant impact on the health and quality of human life.
What is dyskinesia
Dyskinesia is a "movement disorder". In the context of LBW, this refers to problems with the normal transport of bile from the liver to the stomach, where it is involved in digestion.
Another term, gallbladder dysfunction, describes a more general problem. It is assumed that the organ cannot properly perform its “job”, which consists in the accumulation, concentration and excretion of bile.
Jvp what is it? To better understand what it is, it is important to know how the biliary system works. Its main organ is the liver. It produces bile, necessary for the digestion of fats. This fluid, in turn, travels through the duct system and collects in the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver.
When a food containing fat reaches the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum), a hormone called cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract. Bile enters the intestines to help digest fats. After use, most of it goes back to the liver for reuse.
One of the key components of this system is the sphincter of Oddi, a circular muscle that controls the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Proper functioning of this organ is important for ensuring normal digestion and preventing diseases such as biliary dyskinesia.
Reasons
JVP is triggered by a variety of factors. The most common reasons include:
- Improper nutrition. Excessive consumption of food, especially fatty or spicy foods, provokes excessive bile secretion and increases pressure in the ducts. At the same time, malnutrition or long intervals between meals also cause disturbances in the functioning of the gallbladder.
- Nervous breakdowns. Stress, excess fatigue and neurological disorders affect the muscle tone of the biliary tract and contribute to the development of dyskinesia.
- Diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Chronic diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis and cholecystitis) disrupt the normal functioning of the entire system.
Another reason is hormonal fluctuations. Women over 30 are at risk.
Symptoms of JVP
The manifestations of biliary dyskinesia differ depending on the specific disorder that caused the problem. However, there are common symptoms that are often observed in most patients. Here are the most common signals indicating problems with the biliary tract:
- Pain in the right upper abdomen. This is the most common and noticeable symptom of JVP. Pain is usually localized in the upper right side of the abdomen. Often they spread to the back or right shoulder. Depending on the form of dyskinesia (hyperkinetic or hypokinetic), the pain may be acute and paroxysmal or long-term and dull.
- Dyspeptic symptoms. These include nausea, belching, bloating, and changes in appetite. In some cases, there are signs of jaundice. At the same time, against the background of an increased content of bilirubin in the blood, the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellowish.
- Violation of the stool. There is both constipation and diarrhea. In some cases, the stool becomes discolored, and the urine, on the contrary, becomes darker.
Such symptoms as general weakness, unmotivated fatigue and irritability are provoked by insufficient assimilation of nutrients caused by indigestion.
Types of biliary dyskinesia
In medicine, there are three main types of biliary dyskinesia: hypokinetic (hypomotor, hypotonic), hyperkinetic (hypermotor, hypertonic) and mixed.
The first type is characterized by a decrease in the tone and contractile activity of the gallbladder and ducts. As a result, bile slowly and incompletely enters the duodenum. This causes chronic aching pain in the right hypochondrium, frequent constipation, general weakness and heaviness in the right side after eating.
In the hypermotor type of dyskinesia, the muscles of the gallbladder and ducts become too active. This leads to a rapid and intense secretion of bile. As a result, acute pain attacks appear. They are combined with belching, nausea, vomiting and stool disturbance. Pain often occurs shortly after eating fatty, spicy, or fried foods.
In mixed dyskinesia, the patient has symptoms of both types of the disease.
Diagnostic features
Diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia begins with an anamnesis and physical examination, during which the doctor clarifies the nature of the complaints, the general condition of the patient, and also palpates the abdomen. In the future, the following diagnostic procedures are prescribed:
- Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. Ultrasound examination allows you to visualize the bladder itself and the biliary tract, assess their size, shape, clarify the presence of stones or other formations.
- Duodenal sounding. This method is a study of the contents of the duodenum. During the procedure, the doctor inserts a thin tube through the mouth and esophagus into the duodenum and takes samples of bile for analysis. This allows you to determine the chemical composition of the liquid and the presence of pathological impurities in it.
- Cholecystography. This is an x-ray study, during which a contrast agent is injected into the blood, which is subsequently excreted along with the bile. X-rays are then taken to show the gallbladder and ducts.
- Laboratory blood tests. General and biochemical blood tests show the presence of an inflammatory process, allow you to clarify the function of the liver and the state of the biliary system. In particular, the levels of bilirubin and aminotransferases are checked in this way.
Based on the data obtained, the doctor establishes a diagnosis - JVP and develops a treatment plan.
