Removal of skin tumors
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Symptoms
In the initial stages, small nodules or bumps appear, which are not always noticed by a person. Typically, such formations are found on the hands, face and body. The color of these tumors varies from pink to dark blue.
The growth of benign tumors is often not accompanied by serious discomfort. However, some complain of mild pain at the site of the tumor - this usually only happens during physical activity. Additionally, in 20-40% of cases there is a feeling as if something is interfering or pressing from the inside.
There are several types of benign skin lesions. The most common are:
- Moles (nevi) These are skin formations that occur at any age. They are composed of melanocytes. Nevi can be pigmented (have different shades of brown) or non-pigmented (their color matches the surrounding skin). There are also nevi that form from other types of cells, such as sebaceous glands or follicles.
- Papillomas These are tumors of epithelial tissue. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Papillomas can be single, multiple, pointed and flat. The size of papillomas varies. Their shade is gray-brown and yellowish, but sometimes it matches the color of the skin.
- Atheromas This is a cyst filled with secretions from the sebaceous glands. New growths have clear boundaries and a solid structure. They often appear on the back, head, neck, face, arms and legs. When injured, they become inflamed and swell. When they become infected, pus forms inside.
- Keratomas They are formed from epidermal cells. Keratomas are usually darker than the surrounding skin (in 90% of cases they have a brown tint). The growths appear anywhere on the skin and are often found on the neck, shoulders and arms. Over time they become rough. Keratomas cause severe itching, and when mechanically damaged they bleed.
- Warts Another subtype of benign tumors are warts. These are light, uneven neoplasms, similar to growths with nodules. The size of warts varies. They grow fastest in people with HIV or diabetes.
Methods for removing benign skin lesions
Surgical removal
This method is relevant in the presence of large growths (hemangiomas and lipomas). Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the operation (it is performed under general anesthesia) takes from 30 to 60 minutes.
During the excision process, tissue samples are sent for histological analysis. After the operation, an aseptic bandage is applied to the wound.
The recovery period after surgery lasts from 4 to 6 weeks. During this time, regular antiseptic treatment is carried out. Stitches, if they do not dissolve, are removed after 7-10 days.
General information
Complications
Frequent injuries and infections in the tumor area provoke inflammation. It spreads to nearby tissues and causes severe pain.
Even painless and stable benign neoplasms require regular monitoring by a dermatologist. This allows you to notice signs of their transformation into malignant forms in time. Tumors that can become cancerous include large tuberous nevi and papillomas.
Indications for intervention
The tumor must be removed if it is growing steadily and hurts. Surgery is also indicated if the tumor:
- Often injured
- Starts to bleed
- Changes color
The most alarming signal is a change in the shape of the tumor: if its contours become uneven, there is a 70% chance that a person will require immediate intervention.
Diagnosis
The first stage of diagnosis is a visual inspection. At the same time, the doctor examines the skin and lymph nodes. Further steps:
- Cytological examination. Cells are taken from the tumor (the doctor scrapes its surface, makes an incision, or punctures it with a needle). The collected material is studied in the laboratory
- Biopsy followed by analysis of tumor tissue. This method provides more detailed information about the nature of the tumor
- Ultrasound examination. It is carried out in case of detection of lymph nodes in the neck and abdominal cavity
Based on these data, the doctor selects a treatment method.
Prognosis and prevention
In most cases, the prognosis is favorable: after surgery and with a healthy lifestyle, the tumor usually does not return.
To prevent the appearance of benign skin tumors, it is recommended:
- Eat a balanced diet
- Lead an active lifestyle
- Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun and contact with harmful chemicals
You should also visit your doctor regularly for preventive examinations. This is especially true if before the intervention there was a risk of malignant degeneration of tumors.
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Causes
Benign tumors often develop against the background of problems with the immune system (for example, with HIV and AIDS). Other reasons:
There are other reasons, but these are the factors that disrupt the normal development and division of cells.