Treatment of nail injury
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Causes
The main cause of injury to a fingernail is a blow or cut. Also, the habit of biting nails often leads to injury.
Injuries to toenails are often caused by wearing unsuitable shoes. This is due to the fact that narrow and uncomfortable shoes, boots or shoes squeeze the fingers: the injury occurs against the background of their deformation.
Signs
The most serious symptom of injury is a subungual hematoma. The accumulation of blood under the nail causes the nail to change color (it becomes red or dark purple, and then blue). In addition, a dull, throbbing pain appears. In the most severe cases, the nail peels off.
Experts also identify the following signs of nail injury:
- Rupture wound. It appears when the nail separates. The process is accompanied by bleeding and severe pain
- Incised wound. It is provoked by careless handling of sharp objects. Accompanied by bleeding and pain, the degree of which depends on the depth of the cut
If the injury is not very serious and affects only the matrix (nail growth area), the consequences become visible after 1-2 months. In such cases, white spots or dots appear on the new nail. Deformations also sometimes occur - for example, characteristic transverse elevations.
Emergency help
If you receive a nail injury, first remove all jewelry from your fingers. If swelling develops rapidly, pre-treat the injured finger with soap.
Then gently rinse the injured finger under cold water. To get rid of dirt in the wound, treat it with an antiseptic (for example, brilliant green). A cold compress will help reduce pain and stop internal bleeding under the nail. If the wound is bleeding, use hydrogen peroxide.
To reduce the intensity of throbbing pain, elevate the injured limb above the level of your heart. If necessary, take a pain reliever such as Ibuprofen.
After the wound is cleaned and the bleeding has stopped, re-treat the damaged surface with an antiseptic and apply a sterile bandage.
When to see a doctor
You should contact a surgeon when a change in the shape or position of the finger is observed due to injury.
You should also go to the doctor if clearly visible, deep cracks appear on the nail plate.
You will also need the help of a specialist if:
- There are lacerations.
- The plate has separated from the nail bed.
- More than a quarter of the surface of the nail plate is damaged.
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Features of therapy
To remove an extensive subungual hematoma, a medical specialist uses the trepanation method. The essence of this method is to create a small hole in the nail plate - this is necessary in order to release accumulated blood.
If the hematoma occupies most of the bed, the specialist decides to remove the nail. This is necessary for the subsequent restoration of the nail bed and matrix. If it is impossible to save the damaged element, a nail prosthesis is applied.
After this, the doctor prescribes the patient to undergo a course of antibacterial therapy. This helps prevent the spread of infection.
If the wound was large, vaccination against tetanus is carried out. In addition, in order to eliminate the risk of bone damage, the doctor refers the patient for an x-ray examination. The time for complete recovery from injury varies from 6 to 9 months.