The most common non-infectious disease is nail dystrophy.
The main sign of pathology is changes in the structure, shape, color and strength of the nail plate. In particular, longitudinal or transverse grooves appear on it. Nails thicken or, conversely, become thinner, their shade changes. The main complications of the pathology are fungal infection of the nails (onychomycosis) and subungual melanoma.
Treatment of nail dystrophy depends on the causes of its occurrence. Basically it assumes:
If the disease develops against the background of one or another pathology, comprehensive treatment is carried out.
The most common type is subungual hematoma. Its appearance is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness, and then blackening of the nail.
The main causes of injury include physical impact (for example, a blow) and wearing tight shoes. The risk of developing a hematoma increases in people taking anticoagulants, as well as in people with diabetes.
Diagnostics is usually simple - it is based on an external examination. An x-ray is required to rule out a fracture. Therapy usually involves the use of antiseptics.
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Infectious diseases
The most common infectious disease of the nail plates is paronychia. This is an inflammatory pathology that affects the periungual fold. This happens due to the penetration of infection.
The main symptoms of the pathology include redness, swelling and pain around the nail. In severe cases, pus appears on the affected area. If inflammation lasts for a long time, the shape of the nail changes.
Treatment involves taking antiseptics, antibiotics and antifungals. In some cases (for example, if it is necessary to drain an abscess), surgical intervention is prescribed.
As part of prevention, it is necessary to carefully handle the skin around the nails. When working with chemicals, you must use gloves and regularly care for your hands.