Treatment of caries of primary and permanent teeth
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How to identify caries
Caries on children's teeth can be detected during a routine visit to the dentist. At an early stage, the disease manifests itself as a small white spot on the surface of the tooth. As the disease progresses, a brown cavity forms on the tooth, in which food debris accumulates. If tooth decay is left untreated, it results in bad breath and a coating on the tongue.
Children over three years old often complain of toothache associated with caries. It may worsen after eating sweet, sour or hot foods. If the nerves in baby teeth become inflamed and acute pain occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Negative consequences of caries of primary teeth in children
Caries in children threatens the development of serious complications. The most common is dental pulpitis (inflammation of the tissues inside the tooth), which can develop within 3-4 months after the onset of caries. In children under three years of age, the front teeth are usually affected; in older children, the chewing teeth are affected. Acute pulpitis causes severe pain, fever and refusal to eat, while chronic pulpitis has less severe symptoms. It often develops under fillings or in teeth heavily damaged by caries.
The second unpleasant complication is periodontitis or inflammation of the tissue around the tooth root. In children, acute periodontitis quickly worsens the general condition, causing severe pain, especially when eating hot food or pressing on the tooth. The child's temperature can rise to 39 degrees. Chronic periodontitis is less painful, manifests itself mainly during chewing, and is accompanied by swelling and redness of the gums near the affected tooth.
Types of caries of primary and permanent teeth in children
In addition to these types, there is bottle caries, which usually affects baby teeth in young children. This type of tooth decay develops due to frequent and prolonged contact of teeth with sugar-sweetened drinks during bottle feeding, especially during sleep. Bottle caries progresses quickly and can lead to serious tooth decay.
Depending on the location, there are three main types of caries in children:
- Fissure It develops in the grooves and recesses of the chewing surface of the teeth, where food accumulates and favorable conditions are created for the growth of bacteria. It is most often found on molars and premolars
- Approximal Occurs in the interdental spaces where brushing with a toothbrush is difficult. It often goes unnoticed until it affects the deeper layers of the tooth
- Cervical caries Appears in the neck of the tooth, where the enamel comes into contact with the gum. Often associated with poor oral hygiene and gum recession
General information about the procedure
Caries treatment of primary and permanent teeth in children
It is necessary to treat caries of primary teeth in children in order to form a correct bite. Also, timely therapy helps prevent early tooth extraction. If a baby tooth is removed prematurely, it will lead to problems with chewing, changes in diction and improper growth of permanent teeth.
There are several ways to treat childhood caries of primary teeth. They are chosen depending on the degree of caries and the age of the child.
- Fluoridation to strengthen teeth. Suitable for early stages of caries. Dentists use special solutions, gels and resins containing calcium and fluoride. They help get rid of stains on teeth and help restore tooth enamel
- Filling tooth gaps to prevent caries. The doctor carefully cleans the tooth crevices and fills them with a special composition, which hardens when exposed to light, providing long-term protection for the teeth.
- Installation of a filling for caries. Traditional approach to the treatment of moderate and deep caries. The dentist removes the affected areas of the tooth and places a filling. In some cases, it is enough to use simple hand tools, without a drill
- Use of anesthesia if simultaneous treatment of several teeth is required. Often used for small children aged 2-3 years. During treatment, the child is in medicated sleep, which allows the dentist to carry out the necessary manipulations without discomfort and stress for him
Treatment of caries of permanent teeth is often similar to the treatment of milk teeth, but has a number of features. For example, when treating a tooth that has not yet fully erupted, a two-stage method is used: first, the affected tissue is removed, then the cavity is filled with therapeutic materials and a temporary filling is placed for further maturation of the tooth. Subsequently, the temporary filling is replaced with a permanent one.
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Causes of caries on children's teeth
Baby teeth are more vulnerable to caries than permanent teeth. This is due to thin enamel and wide dentinal canals. The immaturity of the child’s immune system also contributes to the rapid spread of pathology.
Factors that provoke the development of caries include:
Caries in children is common. Already at 1.5 years old, 10% of children are affected by at least one tooth, and by five years this figure increases to 70%. The main reasons are changes in eating habits and active communication with other children, which increases the risk of the spread of cariogenic bacteria. From the age of three, children begin to care for their teeth on their own, but often do not do it carefully enough.