Implantation of lower teeth

The teeth on the lower jaw experience greater stress than the upper ones. Therefore, the loss of even one lower tooth causes problems with bite and diction. There are different methods of prosthetics of lower and upper teeth. The choice depends on the number of lost chewing elements and the anatomical features of the patient's jaw.

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Features of implantation of lower teeth

Front lower teeth

When one or two front teeth are lost, one-stage implantation is often used. This means that the implant is installed in the recently removed tooth socket.

A temporary prosthesis is immediately fixed to it, which is replaced by a permanent one after 2-6 months - after complete osseointegration (the implant has taken root in the bone).

Lower chewing teeth

For prosthetics of chewing teeth of the lower jaw, a two-stage technique is most often used. First, an implant is installed, which is left without load until complete engraftment. A permanent prosthesis is mounted on it.

This technique ensures maximum stability and durability of the structure.

Implantation in case of complete absence of teeth in the lower jaw

With complete edentia, dense mandibular bone allows using various prosthetic techniques.

All-on-4 implantation (all-on-four)

The All-on-4 method is designed for patients with slight bone atrophy. In this case, only 4 implants are installed:

  • Two in front vertically
  • Two on the sides at an angle

This installation allows you to securely fix the implants in dense bone layers. Immediately after the operation, a conditionally removable denture is installed (it can only be removed and cleaned by a dentist). It is securely screwed to the implants - this makes care easier.

All-on-6 implantation

The All-on-6 method is relevant for more pronounced bone atrophy. 6 implants are installed: 2 in the front and 2 on the sides. This ensures a more secure attachment of the prosthesis. First, a temporary prosthesis is installed, which is later replaced with a permanent one.

Due to the larger number of implants, there is an even distribution of the load on the jaw.

Zygomatic implantation

Zygomatic implantation is used for significant bone atrophy, when other methods are not suitable. The peculiarity of this technique is the installation of elongated implants in the zygomatic bone. This allows you to bypass areas with a lack of bone tissue.

After installing the implants, a temporary prosthesis is immediately fixed, which is later replaced with a permanent one.

One of the main advantages of zygomatic implantation is that it does not require bone augmentation.

Types of implantation

There are several types of intervention. In most cases, one- and two-stage implantation is performed.

Classic (two-stage)

Classical two-stage implantation involves the alternate installation of an artificial titanium pin and delayed fixation of the crown part of the lost tooth. This method is used in the absence of one or more teeth, as well as in cases of complete edentia.

First, the surgeon inserts the implant into the bone. After this, the patient undergoes the stage of osseointegration (implant engraftment), which takes 2-5 months. Then the surgeon installs the abutment (an adapter between the implant and the crown) and the crown part of the chewing elements.

Advantages of classical prosthetics:

  • High reliability (delayed loading minimizes the risk of implant loosening)
  • Applicability in complex clinical cases (can be used with atrophied bone)

The main disadvantage is the long treatment period (6-8 months). Another disadvantage of this method is its high cost.

One-stage

One-stage “turnkey” implantation involves installing a prosthesis and a temporary crown in one visit. This method is minimally invasive: it does not involve peeling off the gums and subsequent suturing.

The temporary prosthesis is fixed immediately after the implant is installed. This allows you to avoid aesthetic defects and reduce the time it takes to restore the dentition.

General information about the procedure

Indications and contraindications for lower jaw implantation

Indications Contraindications
Complete adentia Decompensated diabetes mellitus
Partial adentia Hemophilia (blood clotting disorder)
Inability to use removable dentures Oncological diseases
Need to restore chewing function and speech Mental disorders
Need to improve the aesthetics of a smile Allergic reactions to anesthetics
Root damage Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Connective tissue diseases
Age under 18
Incorrect bite
Infectious diseases
Drug addiction, alcoholism
Poor oral hygiene

How long does it take for healing? On the lower jaw, the process of osseointegration takes about 2-3 months, on the upper jaw - 4-6 months. The healing can be judged by the X-ray and the dentist's assessment.

Bone augmentation during implantation (sinus lift)

Sinus lift is a surgical procedure to augment bone tissue in the maxillary sinuses. It is performed in cases where the alveolar ridge volume is insufficient for implant placement.

Indications:

  • Traumatic removal of the chewing element
  • Anatomical features of the structure of the lower and upper jaws
  • Long-standing removal of the chewing element, which caused the loss of the alveolar process

There are two types of sinus lift: open and closed. Open sinus lift on the upper and lower sides is performed under local anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the gum, folds back the gingival flap and drills a hole in the bone. Then the doctor lifts the bottom of the maxillary sinus and fills the cavity with bone material.

Pros of the method:

  • Minimal risk of defects
  • Universality (suitable for significant bone deficiency on the upper and lower sides)

The main disadvantages include high cost and trauma. The installation of permanent dentures is postponed for 4-6 months.

Closed sinus lift is less traumatic, since the procedure is performed through a small hole. This method is relevant if there is sufficient bone tissue.

The recovery process after sinus lift takes about a week. Pain, swelling and bruising are possible for 1-3 days.

Stages of lower jaw tooth restoration

A panoramic 3D image is taken at the diagnostic stage. This allows us to assess the volume and condition of the bone tissue. Then the oral cavity is sanitized (treated and cleaned). Then impressions are taken (this is necessary for making the prosthesis). If there are no contraindications, a date for the operation is set.

Next steps:

  • Preparation for surgery. The dentist selects suitable prostheses and determines the area for their installation. A surgical 3D template is made for the precise placement of the prostheses. According to the template, holes are prepared and implants are inserted into the bone
  • Prosthetics. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The prostheses are implanted using templates. The gums are sutured after manipulation. An adaptive (temporary) prosthesis is installed within 72 hours after the operation. It serves until the prostheses are completely engrafted. After this, the temporary prosthesis is replaced with a permanent one.

The implantation procedure takes about 15-20 minutes (for one prosthesis).

What does the doctor of the K+31 clinic think about the difficulties and alternatives of implantation of the upper and lower elements? “If it is necessary to remove old orthopedic structures and problematic elements (if their conservative treatment is impossible), there are two options for prosthetics without implantation. It can be removable and non-removable.

A removable prosthesis (plate or clasp) can be independently removed from the oral cavity. Non-removable prosthetics is possible if there are supporting elements for a new bridge prosthesis. In each case, the type of prosthetics is determined based on the specific clinical situation. Unfortunately, the lack of bone volume on the upper and lower sides can complicate the installation of implants.

If the procedure is not possible for financial reasons, a partial removable denture on the upper or lower side can be considered. To do this, it is necessary to remove the bridge from the other side and resolve issues with the “eight” (if any).”

Answers to popular questions

Specialists from the dental clinic “K+31” (Moscow) have addressed the most common questions about implantation of lower and upper teeth.

How to behave before and after dental implantation?

It is recommended to eat a little before the procedure - this will help avoid dizziness during the procedure. If the patient is very worried, a sedative can be taken 30-40 minutes before the visit to the doctor.

After the prosthetics, you need to take a painkiller. You should also apply cold to the site of the operation, avoid physical activity and follow the recommendations for oral hygiene.

Is it possible to install an implant at the same time as a tooth extraction?

Yes, one-stage implantation is possible. In this case, the prosthesis is installed immediately after the removal of the problematic unit. This reduces the treatment time and preserves the volume of bone tissue. However, the method requires sufficient bone density and the absence of infectious processes.

What is a surgical template and why is it needed?

A surgical template is a special device that helps to accurately install dentures in the right place, at the right angle and to the right depth. The template is made based on 3D modeling and allows for maximum accuracy. This is especially true in complex cases and when installing a large number of prostheses.

Please check the prices for implantation of lower (and upper) teeth in our dentistry on the website and by phone. For residents of Moscow and the region, the prices are affordable.

Our doctors
Shcherbakova
Valentina Frantsevna
Head of the Department of Dentistry, dentist
Egorova
Natalya Vasilevna
Head of the dentistry department, dentist-therapist, dentist-orthopedist
Elfimova
Natalya Vladimirovna
Head of the dental department, dentist-surgeon, implantologist
Cherkasov
Alexei Andreevich
Dentist-surgeon, implantologist, therapist
Samoilova
Nana Nugzarovna
Dentist-therapist, microscope
Ivashkevich
Sergei Georgievich
Dentist-surgeon, implantologist
Samartseva
Natalya Victorovna
Dentist-surgeon, implantologist, therapist
Korneeva
Evgeniya Sergeevna
Dentist-surgeon, periodontist
Bagaev
Omar Makhachevich
Dentist-therapist, pediatric
Grigoryeva
Regina Bogdanovna
Dentist-therapist, endodontist
Najaryan
Liana Artyomovna
Dentist-surgeon, implantologist
Ibragimova
Olesya Kayinbekovna
Dentist-therapist, microscopist
Nikolaeva
Irina Yuryevna
Dentist surgeon, periodontist
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