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Laryngoscopy – endoscopy of the throat and larynx

Laryngoscopy allows you to examine the larynx and its anatomical structures. This diagnostic method is considered very informative - it helps to identify dangerous diseases at an early stage. Doctors at the K+31 clinic widely use this method, taking care of our patients.
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Diagnosis of diseases of the throat and larynx through endoscopy

Endoscopic laryngoscopy can detect laryngeal inflammation and abscesses. It is also carried out to detect:

  • Tumors (benign and malignant)
  • Burns caused by thermal or chemical exposure
  • Adhesions and tumors on the vocal cords

This procedure also helps to identify injuries to the vocal cords and detect the presence of foreign objects in the larynx.

Limitations for laryngoscopy

Indirect laryngoscopy is usually safe and does not have strict restrictions on its use. Direct laryngoscopy has contraindications.

These include:

  • Problems with the blood coagulation system
  • Epileptic seizures
  • Recent throat surgery
  • Serious cardiovascular diseases

The procedure is not performed in the presence of these conditions, because this background increases the risk of complications.

General information about the procedure

Types of procedure

Laryngoscopy can be indirect, direct or retrograde. During indirect laryngoscopy, the doctor examines the throat using a special mirror.

Direct laryngoscopy allows for a more in-depth examination. The process uses flexible (used with local anesthesia) or rigid (requires general anesthesia) fiber laryngoscopes with an optical system.

Retrograde laryngoscopy is used to examine the nasopharynx through the nose. This is a minimally invasive procedure that is performed under local anesthesia.

Preparation for laryngoscopy

Indirect laryngoscopy does not require complex preparation. It is enough to avoid eating and limit fluid intake 4 hours before the test. Such measures help reduce the risk of gag reflex during the procedure.

Before direct laryngoscopy, the doctor refers the patient to undergo a computed tomography or barium test. A week before the procedure, you need to donate blood for analysis. You also need to stop taking medications that can affect blood clotting (for example, Aspirin and multivitamins).

How the procedure is performed

Mirror laryngoscopy begins with a survey and examination. At the same time, the doctor clarifies the patient’s complaints and gets acquainted with the history of his illness.

Before the examination, you will need to remove dentures (if any). Then you need to open your mouth wide and stretch out your tongue. Using a speculum heated to body temperature, the doctor will carefully examine the oropharynx and vocal cords. To get a better overview, the specialist may ask the patient to loudly pronounce several vowel sounds.

Before performing direct laryngoscopy, the doctor sprays an anesthetic spray into the patient's throat. Then the person lies down in a chair and throws his head back. To examine the desired area, the doctor inserts a flexible laryngoscope with a light and camera.

Fibrolaryngoscopy

Fibrolaryngoscopy allows for detailed examination of hard-to-reach areas of the larynx. In this case, modern endoscopes equipped with video cameras are used. This makes it possible to visualize the smallest changes in the mucosa.

One of the most informative types of this procedure is diagnostic epipharyngolaryngoscopy. It allows the doctor to get the clearest image of the internal structures.

At the very beginning of the procedure, the patient is placed in a chair and asked to tilt his head back a little. Then a special instrument with a small video camera on the end is inserted into the throat. Its use allows the doctor to visualize the larynx and surrounding tissues.

If during the examination areas are discovered that require additional examination, the doctor takes a biopsy. To do this, he uses special instruments that are inserted through the endoscope channel. Taking a small sample of tissue from the suspicious area, he then sends it for histological examination. In this way, an accurate diagnosis can be made - for example, the presence of cancer cells can be confirmed or excluded. If foreign bodies and polyps are found, the doctor removes them.

After completing the procedure, the specialist carefully removes the endoscope. If the patient complains of pain or sore throat, the specialist treats the examined area with a spray.

If the procedure was carried out under general anesthesia, after its completion the specialist carefully removes the patient from the state of anesthesia. He is then transferred to the recovery room for observation. Once the person’s condition has stabilized, they are allowed to go home.

Recovery after laryngoscopy and possible risks

This type of study is usually easily tolerated. However, after pressing on the back wall of the pharynx, short-term attacks of nausea may occur, which quickly disappear.

Also allowed to appear:

  • Swelling (accompanied by difficulty swallowing)
  • Tolerable sore throat
  • Bloody discharge (immediately after collecting biomaterial)

To reduce the intensity of adverse reactions, it is necessary to refrain from eating and drinking until the anesthesia wears off. Smokers should avoid nicotine for 8-12 hours after the procedure. If complications develop (for example, bleeding), you can smoke only after your doctor’s permission.

In general, periodic bleeding during the first 24 hours after the procedure is not a cause for concern. However, if bleeding persists for more than a day or is accompanied by a persistent metallic taste in the mouth, you should immediately consult a specialist.

How is an appointment with an otolaryngologist at K+31?

During the initial appointment, the doctor questions the patient in detail about complaints, clarifies the history of the disease, and lifestyle. Next, a thorough visual examination of the nose, pharynx, ear, and larynx is carried out. Special tests are prescribed to assess the acuity of hearing and smell.

Our doctors

Spiranskaya Olga Aleksandrovna
Experience 18 years
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Spiranskaya
Olga Aleksandrovna
Head of the Otolaryngology Department, Otolaryngologist
Tetzoeva Zalina Muratovna
Experience 24 years
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Tetzoeva
Zalina Muratovna
Deputy chief physician for outpatient care, otolaryngologist, surgeon
Kochetkova (Minavnina) Yulia Vladimirovna
Experience 13 years
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Kochetkova (Minavnina)
Yulia Vladimirovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Osipova Irina Andreevna
Experience 25 years
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Osipova
Irina Andreevna
Head of the center for otolaryngology and ENT rheumatology, otolaryngologist, surgeon, leading specialist, expert in ENT pathology in autoimmune diseases
Gutenko (Selenina) Tatyana Vitalievna
Experience 21 year
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Gutenko (Selenina)
Tatyana Vitalievna
ENT doctor
Lapshina Anastasia Andreevna
Experience 11 years
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Lapshina
Anastasia Andreevna
Otolaryngologist, audiologist
Samarin Nikolay Evgenyevich
Experience 18 years
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Samarin
Nikolay Evgenyevich
ENT doctor
Krahovetsky Nikolay Nikolaevich
Experience 17 years
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Krahovetsky
Nikolay Nikolaevich
ENT doctor
Lopatin Andrew Stanislavovich
Experience 45 years
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Lopatin
Andrew Stanislavovich
Otorhinolaryngologist, surgeon
Portnyagina Maria Pavlovna
Experience 13 years
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Portnyagina
Maria Pavlovna
Audiologist-otorhinolaryngologist
Kaspranskaya Galina Rustemovna
Experience 27 years
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Kaspranskaya
Galina Rustemovna
Otorhinolaryngologist, otoneurologist, audiologist
Koblova Tatyana Alexandrovna
Experience 22 years
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Koblova
Tatyana Alexandrovna
ENT doctor
Punkov Maxim Anatolevich
Experience 20 years
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Punkov
Maxim Anatolevich
ENT doctor
Varenkova Olga Vladimirovna
Experience 25 years
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Varenkova
Olga Vladimirovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Budeikina Liliya Sergeevna
Experience 11 years
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Budeikina
Liliya Sergeevna
Otorhinolaryngologist, phoniatrist
Kornienko Roman Anatolievich
Experience 27 years
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Kornienko
Roman Anatolievich
Otorhinolaryngologist
Budnitskaya Elena Vasilievna
Experience 12 years
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Budnitskaya
Elena Vasilievna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Varvyanskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna
Experience 21 year
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Varvyanskaya
Anastasia Vladimirovna
Otolaryngologist, surgeon, leading specialist, expert in olfactory dysfunction
Akhmedov Magomed Akhmedovich Make an appointment
Akhmedov
Magomed Akhmedovich
Mamedov Vasif Eivaz ogly
Experience 8 years
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Mamedov
Vasif Eivaz ogly
Audiologist
Putkaradze Ekaterina Iosifovnz
Experience 2 years
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Putkaradze
Ekaterina Iosifovnz
Chekaldina Elena Vladimirovna
Experience 13 years
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Chekaldina
Elena Vladimirovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Samusenkova Ksenia Vladislavovna
Experience 5 years
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Samusenkova
Ksenia Vladislavovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Polivoda Anna Mikhailovna
Experience 19 years
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Polivoda
Anna Mikhailovna
Otorhinolaryngologist, audiologist, otoneurologist
Balybina Natalia Alekseevna
Experience 4 years
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Balybina
Natalia Alekseevna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Malyavina Ulyana Stanislavovna
Experience 27 years
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Malyavina
Ulyana Stanislavovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
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Почему К+31?
К + 31 — full-cycle multidisciplinary medical centers, including the possibility of providing medical services of European quality level.
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Reviews

A great doctor and person.
12.12.2025
O. Viktor Viktorovich

About doctor:

Tetzoeva Zalina Muratovna

Excellent doctor, attentive and sensitive! She diagnosed me and prescribed treatment! Thank you.
06.12.2025
P. Olga Alexandrovna

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Gutenko (Selenina) Tatyana Vitalievna

All my hopes were for the upcoming surgery. I really liked the doctor, and I trust Zalina Muratovna completely.
04.12.2025
G. Ramella Namiz kyzy

About doctor:

Tetzoeva Zalina Muratovna

Olga Vladimirovna is a wonderful, attentive, and professional doctor. I was very pleased with my visit and received all the help and information I needed.
29.11.2025
Yu. Alexey Igorevich

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Varenkova Olga Vladimirovna

Good approach to children. Everything is great.
29.11.2025
Ch. Roman Vitalievich

About doctor:

Varvyanskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna

I express my deepest gratitude to Natalia Alekseevna for her exceptional professionalism and humane approach. I especially appreciate her rare combination of competence and tact. Natalia Alekseevna knows how to create an atmosphere of trust, where you feel more than just a patient, but someone whose opinion and comfort truly matter. Thank you for your attention to detail, personalized approach, and ability to convey information in accessible language. I recommend Natalia Alekseevna as a doctor with an inner intelligence, a keen interest, and enthusiasm for her work. Doctors like her are worth everything. I was also pleasantly surprised by the atmosphere in the clinic itself: all the staff are polite and attentive, and there's convenient parking. And the bright, inspiring music playing on the first floor reminded me of Kamila Valieva's Olympic short program—the same purity, grace, and sense of wonder. Thank you!
28.11.2025
K. Natalia Vladimirovna

About doctor:

Balybina Natalia Alekseevna

Very attentive and qualified doctor
25.11.2025
A. Nadezhda Valerievna

About doctor:

Kochetkova (Minavnina) Yulia Vladimirovna

I really liked the doctor, and I also really liked Zhanna Andreevna. You can tell she's experienced and competent, and the office had a wonderful, open atmosphere. Special thanks to Olesya, the administrator on the first floor. She's very friendly and helpful. Overall, I really liked the clinic.
23.11.2025
P. Daniil Vyacheslavovich

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Budeikina Liliya Sergeevna

The doctor always listens and hears attentively, which is even unusual. He is genuinely interested in how the patient is feeling and sees them as people.
04.11.2025
O. Tatyana Alexandrovna

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Varvyanskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna

The best doctor. Thank you so much.
31.10.2025
Ya. Tatyana Petrovna

About doctor:

Osipova Irina Andreevna

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