MIC is the largest amount of oxygen that the human body is capable of consuming. BMD is measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of a person's body weight per minute or as metabolic equivalent (MET) - the excess of resting consumption. When performing physical activity, the energy consumption of skeletal muscles significantly exceeds the energy consumption of other human systems, therefore MOC is an objective indicator of physical fitness. When we perform cardiorespiratory exercise testing, we evaluate the strength and endurance of the skeletal muscles involved in the exercise and the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to the skeletal muscles.
According to large international studies, a high level of physical fitness, measured as BMD, provides additional protection against most chronic age-associated diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. A high level of BMD and endurance mitigates the harmful effects of chronic excess weight, prolongs your life and greatly improves its quality. The BMD level is considered as one of the metrics of a person’s biological age. We can say that with a high BMD, the biological age is younger than the passport age, and with a low one, it is older.
The health benefits of regular physical activity have been repeatedly proven and recognized by the medical community. Biological indicator the best way to reflect the positive impact of exercise on health is maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max/peak).
Cardiorespiratory stress testing is performed in one of two modes depending on the client's goal: "fitness" mode and "running" mode. "Fitness" mode is suitable for most tasks, testing is performed on a treadmill while walking. Increased load is achieved by increasing the speed and incline of the treadmill. Before testing in "fitness" mode, the basal metabolic rate at rest is determined.
Testing in "running" mode is performed for clients who regularly run and have a well-established running technique. When testing in this mode, basal metabolism will not be determined, but at the client's request, a series of lactate (lactic acid) measurements from capillary blood will be taken to more accurately determine the lactate threshold.
The comprehensive and extended testing program will form an individual training plan for the next 3 months, which will take into account your innate data and current athletic form. After additional laboratory tests, including glucose monitoring with the FreeStyle Libre system, a nutritionist-endocrinologist will create an individual nutrition plan. Together with cardiologists, possible risks to the cardiovascular system will be analyzed. Repeated testing will be carried out in three months to assess progress.
At the K+31 Petrovsky Gate clinic, you have the opportunity to undergo testing accompanied by professionals (including those supervising elite athletes).
Cardiologist, functional diagnostics doctor, PhD Tipteva Tatyana Alekseevna. Certified by the European Association for Cardiology Visualization (EACVI) specialist in transthoracic echocardiography (ECHOCG). Member of the Russian Society of Cardiologists (RKO) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Cardiologist, functional diagnostics doctor Tkhorikova Valeria Nikolaevna, member of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Cardiology, Eurasian Association of Therapists.
Physical training methodologist Vasiliev Artem Dmitrievich. Founder of the "Biohacking Laboratory", head of the department of the "V. N. Seluyanov Sports Adaptology Laboratory" (MIPT), member of the European College of Sports Sciences ECSS
Physical training methodologist Khrobostov Stanislav Nikolaevich, specialist of the "Biohacking Laboratory", teacher of the "V. N. Seluyanov Sports Adaptology Laboratory" (MIPT)
Endocrinologist, head of the personalized medicine department, PhD Anna Vladimirovna Belyaeva, member of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, member of the Endocrine Society
Cardiorespiratory stress testing is an aid in building a physical activity program and an important step towards health and longevity.
The testing program includes a consultation with a cardiologist, who evaluates the possibility of conducting a stress test.
Next, an anthropometric study is conducted - the thickness of the skin-fat fold on the back, abdomen, legs and arms, and body circumference are measured.
The stress testing itself is offered in two modes: "fitness" and "running". The "fitness" mode is suitable for most purposes and is carried out on a treadmill while walking, increasing the load through speed and inclination. Before this, the basal metabolic rate is determined.
For clients who regularly run and have good technique, the "running" mode is available, where instead of determining the basal metabolism, a series of measurements of the lactate (lactic acid) level of capillary blood is carried out to more accurately determine the lactate threshold.
During the study, the following parameters are assessed: electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure (BP), pulmonary gas exchange (oxygen consumption VO2, carbon dioxide release VCO2, their ratio RER, the ratio of minute ventilation of the lungs and carbon dioxide production VE2/VCO2, as well as the ventilation aerobic and anaerobic threshold, maximum oxygen consumption or VO2 max/peak). Testing is carried out on a treadmill: Schiller Intertrack 8100 TMed, gas analyzer: Cortex MetaLyzer 3B.
After 2-3 days, a consultation with a specialist in adaptive physical education is carried out - based on the results obtained.
Sports medicine: national guide / ed. B. A. Polyaeva, G. A. Makarova, S. A. Parastaeva. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2022. - 880 p.
World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, Carty C, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Chou R, Dempsey PC, DiPietro L, Ekelund U, Firth J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia L, Gichu M, Jago R, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert E, Leitzmann M, Milton K, Ortega FB, Ranasinghe C, Stamatakis E, Tiedemann A, Troiano RP, van der Ploeg HP, Wari V, Willumsen JF. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-1462. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955. PMID: 33239350; PMCID: PMC7719906.
American Heart Association Physical Activity Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; Stroke Council. Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, Church TS, Després JP, Franklin BA, Haskell WL, Kaminsky LA, Levine BD, Lavie CJ, Myers J, Niebauer J, Sallis R, Sawada SS, Sui X, Wisløff U; 2016 Dec 13;134(24):e653-e699
Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing. Mandsager K, Harb S, Cremer P, Phelan D, Nissen SE, Jaber W. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Oct 5;1(6):e183605. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605. PMID: 30646252; PMCID: PMC6324439.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality Risk Across the Spectra of Age, Race, and Sex.Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Samuel IBH, Pittaras A, Doumas M, Murphy R, Heimall MS, Sui X, Zhang J, Myers J. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Aug 9;80(6):598-609. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.031. PMID: 35926933.
Impaired Metabolic Health and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness Independently Associate With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Obesity. Angela Lehn-Stefan, Andreas Peter, Jürgen Machann, Fritz Schick, Elko Randrianarisoa, Martin Heni, Robert Wagner, Andreas L Birkenfeld, Andreas Fritsche, Matthias B Schulze, Norbert Stefan, Konstantinos Kantartzis, , The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 107, Issue 6, June 2022, Pages e2417–e2424
The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease. McAuley PA, Artero EG, Sui X, Lee DC, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Myers JN, España-Romero V, Blair SN. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 May;87(5):443-51. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.013. Epub 2012 Apr 12. PMID: 22503065; PMCID: PMC3538467.
Females Display Lower Risk of Myocardial Infarction From Higher Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Than Males: The Tromsø Study 1994-2014. Sagelv EH, Casolo A, Eggen AE, Heitmann KA, Johansen KR, Løchen ML, Mathiesen EB, Morseth B, Njølstad I, Osborne JO, Hagerupsen K, Pedersen S, Wilsgaard T. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2024 Jan 6;8(1):62-73. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.12.007. PMID: 38268988; PMCID: PMC10806283.
Founder of the “Biohacking Laboratory”, Head of the Department of the Laboratory of Sports Adaptology (MIPT), member of the European College of Sports Sciences ECSS.
Head of the Department of the Laboratory of Sports Adaptology (MIPT)
15 years of experience in optimizing the body of amateur and professional athletes, including Olympic medalists
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About testing
Cardiorespiratory stress testing is an exercise test that measures the oxygen ratio and carbon dioxide in exhaled air using a gas analyzer. Knowledge of absorbed oxygen and released carbon dioxide allows very accurately calculate the ratio of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and the total number of calories burned during exercise of varying intensity. This allows you to individually select the nutrition necessary to provide energy for your workouts. The test also evaluates power the work performed, the level of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, which shows the level of physical fitness of the subject.
Cardiorespiratory stress testing in the modern world occupies an important place in the training of professional athletes, as it allows you to individually create a training plan that takes into account your innate physical characteristics and current athletic form. However, the technologies of elite sports are applicable to both amateur athletes and those starting their path of physical development.
Using a scientifically based personalized approach allows you to achieve results faster, increases effectiveness and subjective ease of performing the workout.