IVF techniques

	ECO IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is the most effective method of infertility treatment. First of all, it helps those who cannot conceive a child naturally. The essence of IVF is that the meeting of the sperm and the egg does not occur in the woman's body, but in the laboratory, extracorporeally, and after fertilization the embryo is placed in the uterine cavity.
	IVF + ICSI The essence of ICSI is the selection of a single sperm and its subsequent introduction into the egg with special microsurgical instruments. This technique is designed to help a married couple when there is a male factor of infertility, which prevents the onset of fertilization and, as a result, the receipt of embryos. ICSI is the only effective method of fertilization of the patient's eggs, when the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the partner's spermogram are greatly reduced. This technique allows you to get a genetically native child with azoospermia. Embryos obtained using the ICSI technique are no different from embryos after a standard IVF procedure.
	IVF + IMSI The technique allows you to select for fertilization the best morphological criteria of spermatozoa with the help of their clearer visualization. In our clinic, sperm selection for IMSI is performed using equipment with a magnification of 6300 times. The IMSI technique, based on assessing the quality indicators of sperm, increases the likelihood of pregnancy in IVF cycles, while reducing the risk of miscarriage. The procedure is very effective in the treatment of infertility in couples with a history of male health pathology (severe spermatogenesis disorder), when other methods of treatment are ineffective.
	IVF with donor egg Egg donation is used in cases of female infertility, when it is not possible to achieve pregnancy using one's own eggs. To obtain eggs from a donor, as in an ordinary patient, reproductive specialists perform hormonal stimulation of the ovaries (induction of superovulation) in the IVF cycle. After the eggs (oocytes) mature, they are collected by transvaginal puncture. Further, embryologists fertilize the received donor eggs with the sperm of the patient's husband and cultivate the embryos in a laboratory. In parallel with this, reproductive specialists prepare the endometrium of the patient's uterus for implantation of embryos with estradiol and progesterone preparations. On the 3rd or 5th day, embryologists choose the best embryos and transfer them into the patient's uterine cavity.
	IVF with IVM This is a relatively new technique for in vitro fertilization. This method differs from traditional IVF in that immature eggs are removed from the ovaries of women. Further, specialists place them in a special medium containing hormones, in an embryological laboratory for maturation. In this case, hormones act only on the eggs. The hormonal effect on the woman's body is minimal or absent altogether. On average, eggs mature in 1-2 days. Cultivation - fertilization and cleavage - occurs as in conventional in vitro fertilization. Further, the specialists carry out the embryo transfer. This process is carried out as with standard IVF. At the moment, IVF with IVM is performed only in some clinics in the world and in several medical institutions in Moscow. TsMRM "Petrovskie Vorota" is one of such centers.

What does PGD mean and why is it done?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a technique in which embryos without genetic abnormalities are selected. Recommended for couples who want to increase the chance of having a healthy baby and those who have a high risk of having children with genetic diseases.

What is PESA, TESE, micro-TESE, TESA?
These are techniques when sperm from the appendages are obtained surgically. The resulting sperm can then be used to fertilize the egg. It is recommended to use such techniques in cases where there are no sperm in the semen. An andrologist will recommend a specific technique.

What are the ovaries stimulated for?
In a healthy woman, more often than not, one egg matures closer to the middle of the menstrual cycle. The main task in the IVF procedure is to increase the chances of success by obtaining several eggs at once.

Is IVF performed without stimulation?
There are diseases in which hormonal stimulation of the ovaries cannot be performed, but IVF can be performed in the natural cycle.

The disadvantage of such a case is low performance. It is on average one and a half to two times lower than in the classic version.

What do "short" and "long" protocols mean?
If you study the forums, you will find that there may be different stimulation protocols: "natural cycle", "Japanese", "short" and "long", with "minimal stimulation".

In fact, any protocol uses the same mechanisms and specific drugs.

You do not need to pay attention to the name, it is better to choose according to the merits of the doctor who will carry out the procedure.

Tabolova Victoria Kimovna

Gynecologist - Reproductologist, Candidate of Medical Sciences

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