Ovarian depletion (early menopause) is a premature suppression of the generative function of the ovaries in women of childbearing age. Pathology develops in patients under the age of 40 who have not previously encountered reproductive dysfunction and menstrual irregularities. The main manifestations of early menopause include vegetative-vascular disorders, amenorrhea and loss of fertility.
Ovarian wasting syndrome
In gynecological practice, ovarian depletion syndrome (OVS) is called "premature ovarian failure", "early menopause" and "early menopause". With the development of pathology, the female sex glands stop functioning long before the expected period of menopause. The incidence of early menopause in absolutely healthy women is 1.6%, in the presence of secondary amenorrhea - more than 10%.
The climacteric period begins at the age of 45-50 years, and with the development of pathology, the extinction of the function of the gonads is diagnosed in patients under 40 years of age. The onset of ovarian depletion syndrome is not preceded by menstrual irregularities and other malfunctions of the organs of the reproductive system. Timely detection of the disease prevents skin aging, and also helps to restore fertility.
Causes of ovarian depletion
The etiology of early menopause is still unclear. It is assumed that the cause of impaired generative function of the gonads is autoimmune disorders. The main factors that negatively affect the work of a woman's reproductive system include:
- galactosemia;
- hereditary chromosomal abnormalities;
- the consequences of mumps and staphylococcal infection;
- autoimmune hypothyroidism;
- abnormal structure of the follicular apparatus;
- extragenital diseases and toxicosis;
- dysfunction of the hypothalamic centers;
- emotional lability;
- vitamin and mineral deficiency;
- subtotal removal of the sex glands.
In 50% of cases, patients with early menopause have a burdened family history - late primary bleeding during menstruation, hypomenorrhea, premature ovarian depletion in the mother or sisters. Very often, pathology is associated with immunological diseases.
Conservative myomectomy for ectopic pregnancy may be accompanied by depletion of the follicular reserve of the gonads and impairment of their functions. Insufficient production of steroid hormones provokes hypersecretion of gonadoliberin, in connection with which patients often develop hypergonadotropic amenorrhea.
Eco for ovarian depletion
In approximately 7-10% of cases, women diagnosed with SIL experience spontaneous restoration of ovarian function and ovulation. But often with prolonged amenorrhea, patients planning a pregnancy are prescribed in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The essence of the technique is to use donor oocytes (eggs) and partner's ejaculate, with the help of which insemination is carried out in vitro. Immediately after the penetration of the sperm, the oocyte is conventionally considered an embryo. Fertilized eggs are kept in special incubator cabinets filled with culture medium for up to 6 days. The embryo is transferred to the uterus using a long catheter and does not require prior anesthesia.
Pregnancy with ovarian depletion
Pregnancy management in women who have undergone IVF is carried out in reproductive centers. Against the background of insufficient production of female hormones in the body, the risk of abnormal intrauterine development of the embryo increases.
The effectiveness of IVF treatment for infertility in women is approximately 30-40%. According to the European Center for Embryology, in the previous year, only 33% of women achieved clinical gestation after artificial insemination.
Throughout the gestational period, the patient undergoes hormonal therapy, which involves taking medications with a high content of steroid hormones. Estrogen-containing drugs ensure the normal development of the placenta and fetus.
Conclusion
Ovarian wasting syndrome is a common cause of fertility disorders in women. Medical and physiotherapeutic treatment of pathology prevents the development of cardiovascular, orthopedic and urogenital disorders. However, in most cases, conception of a child with SIA is possible only with in vitro fertilization.
