What is genetics analysis
An analysis for genetics is a collection of studies that can identify hereditary diseases. A genetics test when planning pregnancy is recommended in such cases:
- Infertility of unknown cause;
- Previous miscarriages or death of the child in utero;
- The presence of genetic diseases among relatives;
- The mother is over 35 and the father is over 40.
Methods of prenatal diagnostics can predict and prevent deviations in the development of a child, establish a predisposition to certain diseases. These include blood tests for genetics and invasive tests.
Non-invasive diagnosis consists in the study of blood serum markers in a pregnant woman. A triple test, including the determination of alpha-fetoprotein, is performed at 16-20 weeks of pregnancy. It allows us to assume that the fetus has various genetic abnormalities, the presence of a defect in the nervous system. Currently, this is a routine examination for which venous blood is used.
If any deviations are detected, additional invasive techniques are used to clarify the pathology. Early fetal genetics includes studies such as amniocentesis, chorionic biopsy, placentocentesis, cordocentesis. In this case, with the help of various surgical interventions, chorion cells, placental tissues, amniotic fluid are obtained, and blood from the vessels of the umbilical cord is examined.
Genetic analysis for compatibility of spouses
In some cases, due to the genetic similarity of the spouses' organisms, the mother's body perceives pregnancy as a foreign body, which is manifested by miscarriage or abortion. In this case, genetic analysis for parental compatibility will be able to reliably clarify the nature of the pathology. By isolating the pure DNA of each spouse and comparing them, experts manage to conclude about the genetic compatibility of the spouses.
Genetic analysis of the embryo
Genetic analysis of the embryo is of great importance when carrying out an in vitro fertilization program, when there is a risk of passing on a hereditary pathology to the child. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis implies the study of the embryo even before it is transferred into the uterine cavity, which allows the implantation of cells with a genetically normal composition.
Genetic infertility
Genetic causes of infertility in women and men are due to changes in the structure and number of chromosomes. In women, pathology leads to early miscarriages, miscarriage, premature menopause, and amenorrhea. In almost half of cases, genetic causes of infertility in men are genetic diseases that lead to a change in the morphological shape of sperm cells, a decrease and cessation of their mobility.
Cytogenetic and molecular genetic research will reveal genetic abnormalities in partners, outline ways to solve the problem. Nowadays, genetic testing is a powerful factor in the fight against infertility.
