Basophils are defined as one of the indicators of the leukocyte formula. In their cytoplasm, they contain large granules with mediators (specific compounds) that signal inflammation or an allergic reaction.
Basophilic leukocytes are the first to react to the appearance of allergens, infections or other damaging factors in the body, rush to them and start the process of degranulation - the release of the contents of intrabasophilic granules into the external environment.
The released mediators activate the following mechanisms of an inflammatory-allergic nature, attracting other types of leukocytes, increasing the reactivity of the vascular wall, smooth muscles, changing the function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and kidneys.
Normally, the relative amount of BASO does not exceed 1% of all WBCs. An increase in this indicator is typical for:
Allergies (seasonal, medicinal, food);
Chronic inflammation;
Infections;
Autoimmune diseases;
Lymphomas, leukemia;
Hemolytic anemias;
Hypothyroidism;
Conditions after splenectomy.
In general, the number of basophils is very low, so their zero value in the leukocyte formula is quite acceptable. However, this does not mean that they are completely absent. In absolute numbers, they are always present. If the absolute values are also reduced, then this may indicate damage to the bone marrow against the background of prolonged use of antibiotics, cytostatics, chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
If the condition is satisfactory and there are no pathological symptoms, the study of basophils in the general blood test should be carried out at least once a year for prophylactic purposes.
